COMPOSITE. 83 



flowers, sometimes simply ligulate in female ray-flowers. Anthers with long tails at 

 base. Receptacle naked. Style-branches of hermaphrodite flowers not appendaged, 

 usually short or very short, and like those of Cynaroidex (but no node below) or of 

 Inuloidece. Leaves alternate. (Mostly South American, a few in other parts of the 

 world : our five genera belong to three subtribes.) 



Subtribe I. GochnatiEjE. Heads homogamous ; the corollas almost or quite regularly 

 and deeply 5-cleft into linear lobes : style-branches usually rounded at tip. Ours 

 shrubs. (Transition to Cynaroidem and Inuloidece.) 



202. HECASTOCLEIS. Heads one-flowered, in » fascicle, surrounded by an involucri- 

 form cluster of leaves. Involucre cylindraceous, of several narrowly lanceolate rather rigid 

 and cuspidate-acuminate bracts, appressed-imbricated. Flower hermaphrodite. Corolla 

 rather chartaceous, narrow, equally cleft to the middle ; the linear lobes widely spreading, 

 not revolute. Anthers wholly exserted, subcoriaceous, bearing naked tails ; the linear 

 terminal appendages lightly connate, as long as the polliniferous portion. Style glabrous 

 and even, not cleft, but terminated by an emarginate-2-lobed stigma. Akene (immature) 

 cylindraceous, glabrous. Pappus coroniform, laciniate-dentate, corneous. 



303. GOCHNATIA. Heads few-many-flowered, fasciculately paniculate or cymose. In- 

 volucre campanulate or oblong, of dry or coriaceous regularly imbricated bracts. Recep- 

 tacle flat, naked. Corolla-lobes mostly revolute. Style-branches sometimes very short, 

 sometimes fully twice longer than broad, flat, roundish-obtuse or nearly truncate at summit. 

 Akenes oblong, silky-villous. Pappus of copious rather rigid capillary scabrous or barbel- 

 lulate bristles, nearly equalling the corolla. 



Subtribe II. GerberEjE, & III. Nassauvie*. Heads heteroganious or homogamous : 

 corollas either all bilabiate ($), or marginal ones simply ligulate. 



* Heads heterogamous and radiate : ray-flowers female and simply ligulate. 



204. CHAPTALIA. Heads many-flowered: female flowers in two or more series and 

 fertile; hermaphrodite flowers in the disk, all or some of them sterile. Involucre campanu- 

 late or turbinate, of narrow appressed-imbricated bracts, outer successively shorter. Corolla 

 of the marginal flowers simply ligulate and 3-toothed at the end, or entire ; those of an inner 

 series more filiform, the ligule reduced to less than the length of the style ; those of the her- 

 maphrodite flowers more or less bilabiate, outer lip 3-toothed, inner 2-lobed or parted. Style 

 in hermaphrodite flowers obtusely 2-lobed at apex, or when sterile entire. Akenes oblong 

 or fusiform, 5-nerved, attenuate or rostrate at apex, bearing a copious pappus of very soft 

 and fine capillary bristles. Scapigerous and monocephalous herbs. 



* * Heads homogamous, of hermaphrodite and fertile flowers, all of them with bilabiate 

 (|) corollas, the lower lip larger in marginal flowers, not rarely more elongated and 

 radiatiform: style-branches comparatively long, mostly dilated or flattened above and 

 truncate, rarely somewhat penicillate. 



205. PEREZIA. Involucre few-many-flowered, imbricated in few to several series ; bracts 

 dry, chartaceous or coriaceous. Receptacle flat, naked, rarely pilose or fimbrillate. Akenes 

 commonly papillose-puberulent, elongated-oblong, terete or obscurely angled, sometimes 

 narrowed at apex, not rostrate. Pappus of copious capillary scabrous bristles, either rather 

 rigid or soft. Flowers ne^ver yellow. 



206. TRIXIS. Involucre several-many-flowered ; proper bracts 8 to 12, equal in » single 

 series, or in two unequal series, little if at all imbricated, usually subtended by a few 

 foliaceous loose accessory ones or by bracteiform leaves. Receptacle in genuine species 

 pilose. Akenes more slender, with a tapering or rostrate summit. Pappus soft. Flowers 

 yellow. 



Tribe XI. CTOHORIACEjE. (Ser. Liguliflor*:, DC.) Heads homogamous and 

 ligulate ; the flowers all hermaphrodite and with ligulate corolla ; ligule 5-toothed at 

 the truncate apex. Anthers sagittate-auriculate at base, not caudate : pollen-grains 

 ' dodecahedral. Style-branches filiform, minutely papillose, not appendaged, but stig- 

 matic lines evident only toward base. Receptacle almost always plane. Herbs (except 

 a few insular genera), mostly with milky and bitter juice : leaves alternate. (Natural 



