Ewpatorivm. COMPOSITE. 99 



wide, rather rigid, 3-nerved from near the base. — E. parviflorum, var. lancifolium, Torr. & 

 Gray, 1. c. — W. Louisiana and Texas, Drv.mm.ond, Leavenworth, Hale. 

 E. altissimum, L. Pubescent : stems 4 to 7 feet high, branched at summit, very leafy : 

 leaves lanceolate, tapering gradually to both ends, acuminate, acutely serrate above the 

 middle, 2 to 4 inches long, with 3 conspicuous parallel nerves (giving the aspect of a tripli- 

 nerved Solidago) ; uppermost entire : cymes numerous and irregular : heads fully 3 lines 

 long: involucre canescently pubescent; its bracts oblong and very obtuse. — Jacq. Hort. 

 Vind. t. 164; Michx. Fl. ii. 97; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Kuhnia glutinosa, DC. Prodr. v. 127^ 

 not Ell. — Dry ground, Penn. to Iowa, N. Carolina, and Texas. 



= = = Leaves sessile or very short-petioled with a broad base, normally opposite, occasionally 

 3-nate: involucre pubescent. 



a. Heads mostly 5-flowered, in one species 6-8-flowered : herbage roughish -pubescent : inner bracts 

 of involucre acutish or acute, or sometimes acuminate at the thin tip. 



E. teucrif olium, Wjlld. Stem 2 or 3 and even 8 feet high, not very leafy : leaves ob- 

 long, coarsely and irregularly serrate, rarely somewhat incised, slightly petioled (2 to 4 

 inches long) ; the upper small and few-toothed, sometimes hastately 1-2-toothed near the 

 broad sessile base, or lanceolate and entire, usually alternate, as are the branches of the 

 corymbiform general inflorescence : cymes rather small and dense. — Spec. iii. 1 753, & Hort. 

 Berol. t. 32; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. E. pilosum, Walt. Car. 199? E. verbencef olium, Michx. 

 PI. ii. 98. E. lanceolatum, Muhl. in Willd. 1. c. E. pubescens, Bigel. PI. Bost. ed. 2, 296, 

 not Muhl. — Moist and shady ground, Mass. to Plorida and Louisiana. 



E. rotundif olium, L. Stem a foot to a yard high, strict, corymbosely branched at sum- 

 mit : leaves in the typical form round-ovate, obtuse or abruptly acute, sessile or nearly so 

 from a truncate or obscurely cordate base, regularly and closely crenate-dentate, veiny (larger 

 2 inches long) : cymes corymbosely fastigiate, dense. — Spec. ii. 837 (Pluk. Aim. 141, t. 88, 

 fig. 4) ; Torr. & Gray, 1. 1 . E. Marrubium, "Walt. Car. 199 ? —Dry and sterile soil, espe- 

 cially in pine barrens, Canada ( and New Jersey to Florida and Texas. 



Var. SCabridum. A form with smaller (an inch or two long) and more scabrous or 

 cinereous leaves, the upper and sometimes all with cuneate base; affecting drier and more 

 sterile soil. — E. scabridum, Ell. Sk. ii. 298; Chapm. PI. 196. — Lower part of S. Carolina 

 to Florida and Texas. 



Var. ovatum, Torr. Commonly taller and larger: leaves ovate (often 2 or 3 inches 

 long), acute, hardly truncate at base, more strongly serrate, sometimes laciuiately so, either 

 roughish-pubescent or smoother and glabrate : heads sometimes but not generally 7-8-flow- 

 ered. — Torr. in DC. Prodr. v. 178. E. pubescens, Muhl. in "Willd. Spec. iii. 1155; "Willd. 

 Enum. ii. 852 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. . E. obovatum, Raf. in Med. Rep. hex. 2, v. 359 ? E. ova- 

 tum, Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2, 296. — Massachusetts to S. Carolina, near the coast. 



b. Heads 5-flowered: herbage glabrous: narrow involucre more imbricated; its bracts obtuse. 



E. sessilifolium, L. Corymbosely branched above, 2 to 6 feet high : leaves oblong- or 

 ovate-lanceolate, tapering from near the rounded or truncate closely sessile base into a nar- 

 row acumination, finely serrate, pinnately veiny (3 to 6 inches long) : cymules small and 

 crowded, few-headed, numerous in effusely compound cymes. — Spec. ii. 837 ; Torr. & Gray, 

 1. c. E. truncatum, Ell. Sk. ii. 298, not "Willd. — Dry and wooded ground, Mass. to Illinois, 

 Virginia, and along the mountains to Alabama. 



c. Heads 10-15-flowered (or by confluence sometimes many-flowered), much crowded: leaves perfo- 

 liate or connate-clasping, divaricate, narrow and elongated, one-ribbed: stems 2 to 4 feet high. 



E. perfoliatum, L. (Thoroughwort, Boneset.) Stem villous-pubescent, fastigiately 

 branched above, stout : leaves lanceolate, connate-perfoliate, tapering gradually to an acumi- 

 nate apex, finely and closely crenate-serrate, rugose, soft-pubescent, or almost tomentose 

 beneath, 4 to 8 inches long: heads small (3 lines long) but very numerous, in dense com- 

 pound-corymbose cymes, mostly 10-flowered: bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate, with 

 slightly scarious acutish tips. — Spec. ii. 838 (Pluk. Aim. 140, t. 87, fig. 6) ; Bart. Veg. Med. 

 Mat. t. 37 ; Bigel. Med. Bot. i. 38, t. 2 ; Raf. Med. Bot. t. 36 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 88. — Wet 

 ground, New Brunswick to Dakota, south to Plorida and Louisiana. Varies with purple 

 flowers (Penn. Porter), and with leaves in threes (Virginia, Curtiss, &c.) ; also into 



Var. truncatum, with the upper or even all of the leaves disjoined and truncate at 



