Liatris. COMPOSITE. 109 



14. CARPHOCH^TE, Gray. (Kap^os, scale or chaff, and x°-^r), bristle, 

 from the pappus.) — Perennial herbs or suffrutescent plants (of New and North- 

 ern Mexico), glabrous or nearly so ; with opposite and entire sessile thickish 1-3- 

 nerved but nearly veinless leaves, and solitary or somewhat clustered heads, 

 terminating leafy or pedunculiform branches : the flowers (about an inch long) 

 much exceeding the involucre: this and the corolla rose-colored: nearly of 

 Liatris habit, and pappus somewhat of Stevia. — PI. Fendl. 65 ; PI. Wright, i. 89, 

 ii. 71. 



C. Bigelovii, Gray, 1. c. A span to a- foot high, woody at base, fasciculately branched : 

 lower leaves spatulate-oblong, inch long, and fascicles of smaUer ones in the axils, upper 

 oblong or linear : heads sessile or very short-peduncled, mostly terminating very leafy some- 

 what paniculate short branchlets : aristiform paleae of the pappus 11 to 14, and a few very 

 small exterior squamellse. — N. New Mexico, Bigelow, Wright, Greene. Arizona, Pringle. 

 S. W. Texas, Girard. The one or two other species are more herbaceous, slender, and with 

 loose pedunculate heads. 



15. LLA.TRIS, Schreb. Blazing Star, Button Snakeroot. (Name 

 of unknown derivation.) — Perennial Atlantic N. American herbs ; with simple 

 virgate very leafy stems from a tuberous or mostly globose and corm-like stock, 

 bearing reversely racemose or spicate heads of handsome rose-purple flowers 

 (rarely also white), in late summer and autumn ; the leaves all alternate, narrow, 

 entire, rigid or with cartilaginous margins, mostly glabrous or glabrate. — Gen. 

 542 (where Gartner's name is mentioned ; but GaBrtner takes up the genus, like 

 Schreber, from the Anonymos, Walt., under the name Suprago, confusing it with 

 Vernonia, and in a volume two years later than Schreber's) ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 



ii. 67 (excl. § 2 & 3) ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 248. 



# Pappus very plumose : heads 4-5-flowered: inner involucral bracts with prolonged petaloid tips. 

 — Calostelma, Don. 



L. elegans, Willd. Partly pubescent, 2 to 3 feet high : linear upper leaves commonly 

 soon reflexed : spike or raceme virgate, dense, 3 to 20 inches long : heads either sessile or on 

 bracteolate pedicels, about half-inch long: bracts of the involucre few-ranked, the inner 

 dilated at tip into an oblong or lanceolate mucronate-acuminate rose-red spreading append- 

 age, which surpasses the flowers and pappus. — Spec. iii. 1065 ; Michx. Fl. ii. 91 ; Ker, Bot. 

 Reg. t. 267; DC. Prodi, v. 129; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Stmhelina elegans, Walt. Car. 202. 

 Serratula speciosa, Ait. Kew. iii. 138. Eupatorium speciosum, Vent. Cels. t. 79. Liatris 

 radians, Bertol. Misc. v. 9, t. 1. — Dry pine barrens, Virginia? to Florida and Texas. 



# # Pappus very plumose : heads 16-60-flowered, cylindraceous with turbinate base : bracts of 

 involucre much imbricated, with herbaceous tips if any: lobes of the corolla pilose inside: 

 leaves all linear and rigid, hardly punctate ; the lower elongated and graminiform. 



Li. squarrosa, Willd. Pubescent or partly glabrous : stem stout, 6 to 20 inches high : 

 heads few (even solitary), or sometimes numerous in a leafy spike or raceme, rarely some- 

 what paniculate, the larger an inch or more long : bracts of the involucre all herbaceous 

 and acuminate, or with foliaceous or herbaceous (or innermost slightly colored) lanceolate 

 rigid and somewhat pungent tips ; these usually squarrose-spreading and prolonged. — 

 Torr. & Gray, 1. c, inch vars. florikunda & compacta. Cirsium tuberosum, etc., Dill. Elth. t. 71, 

 fig. 82. Serratula squarrosa, L. Spec. ii. 818. Pteronia Caroliniana, Walt. Car. 292. — Dry 

 gravelly or sandy soil, Upper Canada to Florida, Nebraska, and Texas. Passes into 



Var. intermedia, DC. Heads narrow : bracts of the involucre erect or little spread- 

 ing, less prolonged. — Prodr. v. 129 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c, with var. compacta. L. intermedia, 

 Lindl. Bot. R<eg. t. 948. — Upper Canada to Nebraska, Louisiana, and Texas. 



L. cylindraoea, Michx. Mostly glabrous, a foot high: heads few or several, 16-20- 

 flowered, an inch or less long : bracts of the involucre all appressed, barely herbaceous, 

 rounded and abruptly mucronate at tip, the outermost very short. — Fl. ii. 93; Ell. Sk. 



