120 COMPOSITE. Pentachmta. 



§ 1. Flowers of both ray and disk golden yellow: involucre of comparatively 

 numerous and regularly imbricated bracts. 



P. aiirea, Nutt. 1. c. At length diffusely branched, 3 to 12 inches high : heads mostly 

 large for the size of the plant and many-flowered, but greatly varying : rays 7 to 40 (2 to 5 

 lines long) : bracts of the involucre broadly lanceolate, mostly setaceous-acuminate, with 

 green centre and broad scarious margins : akenes villous-pubescent : pappus-bristles 5, some- 

 times 6 to 8, as long as disk-corollas. — Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 81, Bot. Calif. 1. c. — Open 

 and dry ground, in the southernmost counties of California ; first coll. by Nvttall. 



§ 2. Flowers of the ray white or purple-tinged, sometimes wanting or else few 

 and wanting the ligule : disk-corollas yellow or yellowish, or changing to purple 

 in age : bracts of involucre somewhat equal and fewer, mostly obtuse and nar- 

 rowly scarious-margined. _ / 



P. exilis, Geat, I. c. A span or so high, with simple or from the base simply branched 

 monocephalous erect stems : heads in the larger form (here taken as the type) many- 

 flowered, with hemispherical or broadly campanulate involucre (3 lines high), and 8 to 14 

 oblong rays, these 2 lines long : akenes oblong-turbinate, villous : pappus-bristles 5, shorter 

 than disk-corollas, in some plants abortive or obsolete. — Bot. Calif. 1. c. ; Greene in Bot. 

 Gazette, viii. 256. — Dry hills, middle part of California, from Santa Clara Co. northward. 



Var. aphantoch^ta, Gkat, 1. c. More or less depauperate, 2 to 4 inches high : 

 heads narrower, from rather few- to 25-fiowered, discoid, mostly having 3 to 5 female flowers 

 with corolla destitute of ligule, sometimes these wanting : pappus reduced to 3 or 5 short 

 cusps or obsolete. — P. aphantochceta, Greene in Bot. Gazette, 1. c. Aphantochozta exilis, 

 Gray, Pacif. B. Rep. iv. 99, t. 11, a delicate" and few-flowered form. — Dry ground, from the 

 Salinas Valley to El Dorado Co., first coll. by Bigelow. Var. discoidm, Gray, 1. c, is partly a 

 small form of this without female flowers, and partly the following, into which it may pass. 



P. alsinoides, Greene. A span high, at length diffusely and several times branched from 

 the base, with pedunculated discoid heads in the forks : involucre only 2 lines long, of only 

 5 to 7 bracts, " 3-5-" or 6-7-flowered : flowers apparently all hermaphrodite : pappus-bristles 

 3 or 4, fully equalling the corolla and as long as the obovate-clavate pubescent akenes, rarely 

 obsolete in some flowers. — Bull. Torrey Club, ix. 109, & Bot. Gazette, 1. c. — Hills or dry 

 ground around San Francisco Bay to El Dorado Co., first coll. by Kellogg and Bolander. 



P. gracilis, Benth. in Hook. Ic. t. 1101, from Mexico, is Oxypappus, Benth. 



25. BRADBtrRIA, Torr. & Gray. (In memory of John Bradbury, who 

 collected plants on the Missouri which were published in Pursh's Flora.) — Fl. 

 ii. 250; Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 251. — Single species. 



B. hirtella, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Annual, branched from the base, a foot or so high, hispid : 

 slender branches terminated by single rather small heads of yellow flowers : radical and 

 lower cauline leaves narrowly spatulate ; those of the flowering branches small, spatulate- 

 linear to nearly filiform, mucronate-pointed : rays 3 or 4 lines long. — Dry ground, Texas, 

 Drummond, Wright, Lindheimer, &c. 



26. HETEROTHECA, Cass. ("Erepos, different, Ojkt,, case, from the 

 unlike akenes of ray and disk.) — N. American and Mexican herbs (probably 

 only three species, two of them very variable), with the aspect of Ghrysopsis, 

 hirsute or scabrous : flowers yellow : pappus reddish or ferruginous : lower leaves 

 at base of petiole commonly with a foliaceous stipuliform dilatation, upper partly 

 clasping. Peduncles and involucre more or less glandular. A bristle or two of 

 pappus rarely found on ray-akenes. — Bull. Philom. 1817, & Diet. xxi. 130; 

 DC. Prodr. v. 316; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 251. 



H. Lamarckii, Cass. 1. c. Biennial or sometimes annual, 1 to 3 feet high, somewhat 

 heavy-scented, branching, usually bearing numerous corymbiform-paniculate rather small 

 heads : radical leaves oval or oblong, slender-petioled ; cauline oblong, the upper mostly 



