128 COMPOSITE. Apkpappw. 



striate : pappus rigidulous, rufous. — Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 354, & Bot. Calif, i. 312. — Sierra 

 Nevada, California, at 8,500 to 9,000 feet, in open woods, Sonora Pass, Bolander, and on 

 bleak summits in Siskiyou Co., Greene, Pringle. Involucre rather of the Encameria section. 

 # # # Heads conspicuously radiate, large and showy: rays fertile, very numerous, half -inch to 

 inch long: involucre well imbricated, of numerous oblong to lanceolate firm bracts: akenes 

 (and ovaries) wholly glabrous, flat and rather broad: pappus pale: style-appendages broadish, 

 oblong to lanceolate, shorter or not longer than the stigmatic portion: wholly herbaceous peren- 

 nials, smooth and glabrous, except some soft-villous pubescence or tomentum when young: 

 leaves coriaceous, entire. 



4— Stems equably and very leafy up to the sessile or subsessile heads. 

 A. Fremonti, Gray. A foot or less high, from slender lignescent rootstocks, simple or 

 fastigiately branched above: leaves lanceolate (2 to 4 inches long, 3 to 8 lines wide), ob- 

 scurely 3-5-nerved ; lower narrowed and upper partly clasping at base : involucre (inch or 

 less high) broadly campanulate; its bracts broadly lanceolate, conspicuously and often 

 cuspidately acuminate : rays half-inch long • style-appendages ovate-oblong, obtuse : akenes 

 obovate,- striate-nerved, almost as long as the rigid pappus. — Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 65 ; 

 Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colorad. 67. Pyrrocoma foliosa, Gray in Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, 

 v. 109. — Plains and rocky hills, Colorado, common on the Arkansas from Pueblo upward; 

 first coll. by Fremont. 



Var. "W"ardi. Dwarf : fascicled stems only a span high : leaves proportionally small, 

 linear-lanceolate, destitute of lateral nerves : heads one-half smaller, 2 or 3 in a terminal 

 glomerule : akenes double the length of the scanty pappus. — Wyoming (probably in south- 

 western part), L. F. Ward. 



-I— -t— Stems simple, solitary or several from a thick caudex, above with decreasing or sparse 

 leaves and solitary or few naked and usually pedunculate heads, at base a tuft of ample lanceo- 

 late- or spatulate-oblong radical leaves (in the manner of the preceding and succeeding sub- 

 divisions): involucre hemispherical or broader: rays 30 to 50. 



A. cr6oeus, Ghat. Stem stout and erect, commonly a foot or two high, and with radical 

 leaves a foot or less long (including the petiole) . cauline leaves ovate-oblong to lanceolate, 

 partly clasping (upper an inch or two long) : head mostly solitary: involucre a full inch in 

 diameter ; its bracts ovate to spatulate-oblong, very obtuse, lax, inner with scarious erose- 

 denticulate margins : rays saffron-yellow, sometimes inch long : akenes narrowly oblong, 

 nearly the length of the pappus. — Proc. Acad. Philad. 1. c. — Rocky Mountains of Colorado, 

 especially in Middle Park, first coll. by Parry. A dwarf form in N. Arizona, Rusby. 



A. integrifolius, T. C. Portek. Stems several from the caudex, ascending, a foot or less 

 high : radical leaves 3 to 8 inches (including short petiole or tapering base) ; cauline lanceo- 

 late, or small uppermost linear : heads solitary or 2 or 3 in axils, smaller than in foregoing : 

 involucral bracts narrowly oblong to linear-lanceolate, some loose outer ones usually equalling 

 the disk and more foliaceous : rays bright yellow, half-inch long : immature akenes oblong. 

 — Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xvi. 79. — Mountain meadows, Wyoming and Montana, Burke (in 

 herb. Hook.), J. M. Coulter, Watson, Canby. Verges to the larger-flowered form of the next 

 species. 



# # # # Heads conspicuously radiate, smaller: rays fertile, half to barely quarter inch long: 

 akenes turbinate or oblong, silky-pubescent or villous: style-appendages from ovate to subulate, 

 shorter or rarely longer than the stigmatic portion. (Here A. Whitheyi might be sought. ) 

 4- Perennial herbs, with mostly simple stems and a tuft of radical leaves from a thickened 

 somewhat fusiform caudex: leaves coriaceous and when dry rigid, entire or spinulose-serrate, 

 the cauline diminished upward: heads solitary or rather few, pedunculate: involucre hemi- 

 spherical or broader, of firm and herbaceous-tipped or foliaceous bracts : rays 20 to 50 : pappus 

 pale or merely sordid, rather soft and fine: herbage move or less flocculent-tomentose when 

 young, glabrate in age and smooth. — § Arnicella, Torr. & Gray, partly of Benth. & Hook. 

 A. uniflorus, Torr. & Gray. Stems a span to barely » foot high, ascending or erect, 

 sometimes 5-6-leaved, sometimes rather seapiform or upper leaves reduced and bract-like, 

 bearing a solitary head, rarely one or two from lower axils : leaves lanceolate or sometimes 

 broader ; radical 2 or 3 inches long and usually petioied : involucre commonly half-inch high 

 and the linear or oblong-linear bracts all of same length, rather loose, outer all foliaceous : 

 rays in larger heads 40 or 50. — A. uniflorus & A. inuloides, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 241. Donia 

 uniflora, Hook. Fl. ii. 25, t. 124. Homopappus inubides, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c. 333, 



