174 COMPOSITE. Aster. 



Fl. ii. 502; Chapm. El. 199. Prionopsis? Chapmanii, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 245. — Low pine 

 barrens on the coast, Florida, Chapman, Rugel, Mohr. 



A. spinuloSUS, Chapm:. Stem bearing few or several spicately disposed smaller heads : 

 leaves narrowly linear, attenuate (half to 2 lines wide) ; the lower and radical 6 to 12 inches 

 long, upper gradually reduced to setaceous-subulate appressed bracts ; the margins merely 

 spinulose-denticulate or mostly entire : involucre campanulate, its bracts mostly subulate 

 from a broad base: rays half -inch long, pale violet. — Fl. 199. — Damp pine barrens, W. 

 Florida near the coast, Chapman. 



# # Leaves all entire, thickish: pubescence if any short and scabrous: flowering in autumn. 



A. paludosus, Ait. Stems sometimes branching, a foot high, bearing few or several often 

 racemosely or spicately disposed heads (of half-inch height) : leaves from broadly to nar- 

 rowly linear (1 to 4 lines wide, 2 to 4 inches long): involucre nearly hemispherical; its 

 bracts more unequal, the outer lanceolate-subulate and lax, inner linear-spatulate with her- 

 baceous merely acute tips : rays rather short, deep violet. — Hort. Kew. iii, 201 ; Ell. Sk. ii. 

 343; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 109; Chapm. 1. c. A. grandiflorus, Nutt. Gen. ii. 156, not L. 

 Tripolium paludosum, Nees, Ast. 155. Heleastrum paludosum, DC. Prodr. v. 264. — Wet 

 pine barrens in the low country, N. Carolina to Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri. 



§ 4. Hespera'strum. Heads with neutral rays : bracts of the campanulate 

 involucre well imbricated and unequal, the outer with short herbaceous spread- 

 ing tips • style-appendages slender-subulate : akenes narrow, hardly at all com- 

 pressed, 5-nerved and with intermediate strias : pappus simple and soft. — Gray, 

 Bot. Calif, i. 323, & Proc. Am. Acad. xvi. 97. (Resembling on the one hand 

 § Machceranthera, and Gorethrogyne on the other.) 



A. Shastensis, Ghat, I. c. A span or two high, in small tufts from a perennial root, 

 paniculately branched, slender, canescently puberulent: leaves entire, an inch or less long; 

 lower spatulate ; uppermost linear and reduced to subulate bracts : heads rather numerous, 

 scattered: involucre (nearly half-inch high) somewhat viscid-glandular; its bracts lanceolate 

 or linear, mostly with acute and spreading green tips : rays 12 to 20, violet, 3 to 5 lines long, 

 occasionally (var. eradiatus) wanting. — Maehasranthera (Hesperastrvm) Shastensis, Gray, 

 Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 539. — California: on Mount Shasta, above and below the limit of trees, 

 first coll. by Brewer, and on Lassen's Peak, Mrs. Austin. The ray less state on Scott Moun- 

 tains at 9,000 feet, Greene. 



§ 5. Biotia. Heads (small or middle-sized) corymbosely cymose : bracts of 

 the campanulate well-imbricated involucre subcoriaceous and wholly appressed, 

 obtuse and merely greenish or thickish but not spreading at the tip (transition to 

 § Orthomeris, but passing into the succeeding subsection) ; outer successively 

 shorter: rays not numerous (6 to 18), white or purplish-tinged: style-appendages 

 subulate-lanceolate: akenes 3-several-ribbed or nerved, hardly or moderately 

 compressed, mostly linear: pappus slightly rigid, simple: radical and lower 

 cauline leaves cordate, on long naked petioles, ample, conspicuously serrate and 

 acuminate : fl. midsummer and early autumn. (Other Asters with cordate peti- 

 olate leaves are only the Heterophylli.) — Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 104. Biotia, 

 DC. Prodr. v. 264. 



A. corymbosus, Ait. Stem slender, 2 feet high, sometimes flexuous, terete : leaves 

 membranaceous, much longer than wide, gradually or very prominently acuminate and 

 acuminately serrate : involucre only one-fourth inch high, little surpassing the rather broadly 

 compressed fusiform akenes: rays 6 to 9, white. — Kew. iii. 207; Willd. Spec. iii. 2036; 

 Torr. & Gray, 1. c. A. divarieatus, L. Spec. ii. 873, as to herb., excl. syn. Gronov. & Pink, 

 (which relate to A. infirmus), and cordate leaves not described; name to subside. A. cordi- 

 folius, Michx. Fl. ii. 114, in part. Eurybia corymbosa, Cass. Diet, xxxvii. 487; Nees, Ast. 

 143; LinSl. Bot. Eeg. t. 1532. Biotia corymbosa, DC. 1. c. 265. — Woodlands, Canada to 

 upper part of Georgia. 



