COMPOSITE. 181 



* 7. Heads small, or in one species middle-sized, paniculate: lower cauline and radical leaves cor- 

 date and petioled: no glandular or viscid pubescence: akenes compressed, short, 3-5-nerved: 

 rays violet, purplish, or sometimes almost white: bracts of the involucre with short and ap- 

 pressed green tips, except in the first. — Heteropiiylli. 

 •1— Anomalous species, with middle-sized heads, many rays, and squarrose foliaceous involucre ! 

 A. anonialus, Engelm. Pubescent and somewhat scabrous, a foot to a yard high, 

 paniculately or virgately branched above, bearing numerous loosely disposed heads : leaves 

 veiny, thinnish, entire, mostly oblong- to lanceolate-ovate with narrow and often deep cor- 

 date base, those of branchlets reduced and lanceolate to subulate: heads half -inch high': 

 involucre pluriserially imbricated, hirsutulous-pubescent, of attenuate-linear bracts; their 

 foliaceous upper half recurved or widely spreading: rays bright violet, about 40, quarter to 

 half an inch long: akenes glabrous. — Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 503. — Limestone cliffs, Illinois, 

 Missouri, and Arkansas; first coll. by Engelmann. 



-K- -t- True Heteroplylli, with smaller heads, 10 to 20 rays, and a close involucre of appressed or 

 erect bracts. Occasional specimens with only the radical leaves cordate. 



++ Leaves all entire or nearly so (lower sometimes with a few teeth), of rather firm texture, all 

 much longer than wide, none clasping: heads showy: rays violet, 5 or even 6 lines long, 15 to 

 20 in number: involucre 3 or i lines high; its bracts all appressed and with mostly definite 

 short green tips, outer successively shorter. 



A. Shortii, Hook. Stem 2 to 4 feet high, rather slender, leafy to the summit, bearing 

 racemose-paniculate heads: leaves minutely soft-pubescent, mostly glabrate and smooth 

 above, thin-veiny, nearly all petioled; radical and principal cauline ovate-lanceolate with 

 distinctly cordate base and on slender naked petioles, tapering-acute (3 to 5 inches long), 

 only on ultimate short branchlets or peduncles reduced to minute subulate bracts : involucre 

 sometimes puberulent ; its bracts narrow, less rigid and less definitely green-tipped than in 

 the next : rays light violet. — Fl. ii. 9 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 118. — Border of thickets and 

 shaded banks, Ohio to Georgia in the tipper country, west to Kentucky and Illinois ; first 

 coll. by Short. 



A. azlireus, Lindl. Stem 2 to 4 feet high, paniculately or racemosely compound at 

 summit : branches slender and rigid : leaves hirtello-scabrous both sides ; radical and lowest 

 cauline ovate-lanceolate with subcordate base, on slender petioles (3 to 6 inches long) ; cauline 

 oblong or lanceolate with winged petiole or attenuate base, verging to linear, and on the 

 branchlets reduced to numerous small and slender-subulate rigid bracts : involucre glabrous 

 and smooth ; green tips of the bracts ovate or deltoid : rays deep violet-blue' — Hook. Comp. 

 Bot. Mag. i. 98, & DC. Prodr. v. 244 (incompletely described for want of lower leaves) ; 

 Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 118. A. Oolentangiensis, Riddell, Synops. 55. — Prairies and border of 

 woods, W. New York and Ohio to Minnesota, and southwest to Arkansas and Texas, where 

 there are forms with hardly a cordate leaf 1 



++ ++ Leaves some entire, but lower almost always somewhat serrate, rather firm in texture, 

 longer than broad ; the base, or that of wing-margined petiole of lower cauline, cordate-clasping: 

 greenish tips of the less rigid involucral bracts short and rather obtuse. 



A. uudulatus, L. Pale or dull with a minute somewhat cinereous and sometimes scabrous 

 pubescence : branches rather rigid, racemosely or paniculately bearing several or rather 

 numerous racemosely disposed heads : leaves at most inconspicuously or obtusely serrate ; 

 upper mainly entire, lanceolate or oblong with partly clasping base, above diminished to 

 subulate bracts ; middle ones ovate or ovate-lanceolate, abruptly contracted below and with 

 dilated cordate-clasping base, sometimes panduriform, below subcordate on margined petioles ; 

 lowest cauline and radical cordate on slender naked petioles : heads 4 lines high : rays bright 

 violet or sometimes paler. — Spec. ii. 875 (Hort. Cliff. & Herm. Parad. t. 96, whence the name, 

 & Moris. Hist. 120) ; Ait. Kew. iii. 206 ; Hoffm. Phyt. Blatt. 77, t. C, f . 1 ; Torr. & Gray, I. c. ; 

 Sprague, Wild Flowers, t. 4. A. diversifolius, DC. Prodr. v. 234. A. paniculatus, Nutt. 

 Gen. ii. 56, not Ait., nor Lam. A. sagilti/olius, Ell. Sk. ii. 362, not Willd. — Dry ground, 

 margin of woods, &c., Canada to Florida, Kentucky, and Arkansas. Southward in the low 

 and middle country the common form is 



Var. diversifolius. More rigid, scabrous or scabro-puberulent, and with longer 

 virgate flowering branches, which are beset with minute subulate or lanceolate (or below 

 oblong) leaves, only the lower cauline having a narrowed base or winged petiole. — A. diver- 

 sifolius, Michx. Fl. ii. 113. A. scaber, Ell. Sk. ii. 262. A. asperulus, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 



