204 COMPOSITE. Aster. 



A. SUbulatus, Michx. Stouter, only a foot or two high, with short usually purplish stems 

 and branches : leaves somewhat fleshy, linear-lanceolate (lower 4 to 6 inches long, 2 to 4 

 lines wide), or the upper linear passing into subulate : heads narrower, cylindraceous, 4 lines 

 high : bracts of the involucre linear-subulate with much attenuate apex : rays 25 to 30, pur- 

 plish, very small and inconspicuous, hardly surpassing the disk, with ligule very much shorter 

 than the tube, often surpassed by the (not very copious) mature pappus, more numerous 

 than the (10 to 15) disk-flowers. — Fl. ii. Ill, partly (char, "ligulis minimis," & hab.); 

 Nutt. Gen. ii. 154. Tripolium subulatum, Nees, DC, &c, in part. Aster Unifolius, Torr. & 

 Gray, Fl. ii. 162, not L., not even as to the syn. "Gron. Virg." cited (which belongs to A. 

 tenuifolius, p. 202). — Salt marshes, from New Hampshire to Florida. Closely connects with 

 the following section. 



§ 12. Conyzopsis. Involucre campanulate, of 2 or 3 series of linear or 

 oblong bracts, nearly equal in length ; the outer foliaceous or herbaceous and 

 loose, resembling the rameal leaves ; the inner more membranaceous or scarious : 

 rays small and not longer than the mature pappus, or the ligule wanting ; the 

 female flowers mostly in more than one series and more numerous than the her- 

 maphrodite ; these with slender corolla, its limb 4-5-toothed : style-appendages 

 lanceolate: akenes narrow, not compressed, 2-3-nerved, appressed-pubescent : 

 pappus simple, very soft : low and branching leafy-stemmed annuals (of W. North 

 America and N. E. Asia, and of moist subsaline soil), nearly glabrous, except 

 that the linear (or the lowest spatulate) chiefly entire leaves are more or less 

 hispidulous-ciliate ; the numerous rather small heads in well-developed plants 

 disposed to be racemose-paniculate. (Char, from the two genuine species, which 

 are intermediate between the Oxytripolium section, A. subulatus connecting them, 

 and Conyza.) — Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xvi. 99. Aster § Oxytripolium, subsect. 

 Gonyzopsis, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 162. Brachyactis, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 495; 

 Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. xii. 6 (excl. spec), & Gen. PL ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, 

 viii. 647, & Bot. Calif, i. 326. 



A. frondosus, Torr. & Gray. A span to a foot or more high, branching from the base, 

 when low usually spreading, when taller the branches bearing numerous spicately paniculate 

 heads (of 4 lines in height) : outer bracts of the involucre linear-oblong, obtuse, wholly foli- 

 aceous and loose, numerous : rays in anthesis exserted, a line long, linear, pinkish-purple, 

 always longer than the style, but equalled or surpassed by the mature copious pappus. — 

 Fl. ii. 165. Tripolium frondosum, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. vii. 296. A. angustus, 

 Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 76 ; Eaton, Bot. King Exp. 144, not Torr. & Gray. Brachyactis ciliata, 

 var. carnosula, Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. xii. 6. B. frondosa, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 1. c, ; Bot. 

 Calif. 1. c. — Borders of springs, pools, &c, Rocky Mountains of Idaho to the Sierra Nevada, 

 California, and the Rio Grande in New Mexico. 



A. anglistus, Tore. & Gray. Leaves commonly narrower: bracts of the involucre all 

 linear, acute : corolla of the ray-flowers reduced to the tube and much shorter than the 

 elongated style, or rarely with a rudimentary ligule ? — Fl. ii. 162. Crinitaria, humilis, Hook. 

 Fl. ii. 24. Linosyris ? humilis, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 234. Erigeron ciliatus, Ledeb. Fl. Alt. iv. 

 92, & Ic. t. 100. Conyza Altaica, DC. Prodr. v. 380. Tripolium angustum, Lindl. in Hook. 

 Fl. ii. 15, & DC. 1. c. 254. Brachyactis ciliata, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 495; Benth. 1. c. (excl. 

 var.) ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 647. (The poor figure in Ledeb. Ic. 1. c. represents a 

 ligulate female flower, which accords with neither specimens nor character.) — Saline wet 

 ground, Saskatchewan to Utah and Colorado, eastward to Minnesota, and now extending 

 to Chicago, &c. (N. Asia.) 



§ 13. MacHjEranthera. Involucre pluriserially imbricated, hemispherical 

 or campanulate; the bracts linear, coriaceous below, and with herbaceous or 

 foliaceous spreading tips : rays numerous and conspicuous, violet or bluish purple : 

 akenes narrowed downward, compressed, few-nerved, and the faces somewhat 



