COMPOSITE. 211 



standing the pure yellow rays, which also occur in E. peucephyllus. It can hardly pass 

 into E. ochroleucus. 



-4 — -f — -t — Dwarf, cespitose from a multicipital caudex, with monocephalous flowering stems, often 

 scapose : radical leaves dissected : pappus simple. 



E. compositus, Pursh. From hirsute to glabrate, with slender margined petiole setose- 

 ciliate : radical leaves much crowded on the crowns of the caudex, usually 1-3-ternately 

 parted into linear or short and narrow spatulate lobes, the few on the erect flowering stems 

 3-lobed or entire and linear : involucre (3 or 4 lines high) sparsely hirsute : rays from 40 to 

 60, not very narrow, white, purple, or violet, mostly 3 or 4 lines long. — Fl. ii. 535 ; Fl. Dan. 

 xii. 1999 ; Hook, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 374, t. 13, & Fl. ii. 17 ; DC. Prodr. v. 288 ; Torr. 

 & Gray, Fl. ii. 167. E. pedatus, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 308. Cineraria Lewisii, 

 Richards, in Frankl. Journ. App. ed. 2, 32. — Alpine and alpestrine districts of the Rocky 

 Mountains, and of the Sierra Nevada, from S. Colorado and California to Brit. Columbia and 

 arctic sea-coast. (Greenland and Spitzbergen. ) 



Var. discoideus, Gray. Rays wanting or abortive : head commonly smaller. — 

 Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 237 ; Eaton, Bot. King Exp. 148. — Same range as the radiate 

 form, often accompanying it ; first coll. by Parry, &c. 



Var. trifidus, Gray. Small blade of leaves simply 3-5-fid : the lobes from oblong to 

 obovate. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvi. 90. E. trifidus, Hook. Fl. ii. 17, t. 120. — Rocky Moun- 

 tains, N. Colorado to Brit. Columbia; first coll. by Drummond, later by J. M. Coulter and 

 Canby. 



Var. pinnatisectus, Gray, 1. c. Usually a large form : numerous violet-purple 

 rays 5 lines long : leaves pinnately parted into 9 to 1 1 linear and entire or rarely 2-3-cleft 

 divisions. — Mountains of Colorado, from South Park to the Sierra Blanca ; first coll. by 

 Hall. 



E. Pringlei, Gray. Smooth and glabrous, densely cespitose from a lignescent multicipital 

 caudex : radical leaves laciniate-pinnatifid into 3 to 5 short-lanceolate or broadly subulate 

 pointed lobes; those of the ascending (2 or 3 inches long) flowering stems linear, entire, 

 5 or 6 in number : involucre hardly 3 lines high, glabrous : rays 20 or 30, purple or whitish, 

 3 lines long. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 210. — Cliffs of Mount Wrightson, Santa Rita Moun- 

 tains, Arizona, Pringle. 



-l_ 4_ -|_ j— Dwarf or low species, alpine or alpestrine, entire-leaved, cespitose from multicipital 



caudex, no fine or cinereous pubescence, monocephalous : leaves few on the simple stems, at 



. least the radical broader than linear : rays rather numerous and not very narrow : pappus simple 



or nearly so. ' 



++ Involucre glabrous but pruinose-glandular, brownish-purple: alpine and Aster-like, smooth" 



and green. 



E. leiomerus. A span high from the somewhat surculose branches of the caudex, smooth 

 and very glabrous (or some minute hairiness at least on the petioles) : leaves bright green, 

 mainly radical and spatulate, very obtuse (larger about inch long, with tapering base or 

 petiole of at least equal length), from 2 to 6 lines wide ; cauline only 2 or 3 and smaller : in- 

 volucre 3 lines high, not unlike that of E. salsuginosus, but close, the bracts lanceolate and 

 not attenuate : rays about 40, linear, violet, 3 or 4 lines long. — Aster glacialis, Eaton, Bot. 

 King Exp. 142, but hardly that of Nuttall (which is rather a high alpine form of A. sal- 

 suginosus, to which this is related). Comes close to the next species, to which it has been 

 referred. —Rocky Mountains of Colorado, Utah, and Nevada, in the alpine region ; first coll. 

 by Parry, Hall & Harbour, Watson. 



++ ++ Involucre hirsute or pubescent, greenish : herbage not strigulose nor cinereous. 



E. ursinus, Eaton. A span or two high, loosely cespitose : leaves duller green, mostly 

 smooth and glabrous, but their margins more or less hirsute-ciliate, spatulate to narrowly 

 oblanceolate; cauline ones lanceolate or linear and acute : involucre (3 lines high) and naked 

 summit of flowering stem hirsute-pubescent : rays 40 or 50, purple, narrowly linear, 3 lines 

 long. — Bot. King Exp. 148 ; Grav, Bot. Calif, i. 327. — Alpine and subalpine region, Rocky 

 Mountains, Wyoming to S. Colorado, Uinta Mountains, Utah, and on Mount Dana, California ; 

 first coll. by Watson. 



E. radicatus, Hook. A span high or less, densely tufted : leaves all spatulate-linear or 

 somewhat wider (broadest only a line or two wide), hirsute or hirsutely ciliate, or sometimes 



