234 COMPOSITE. Gnaphalium. 



61. GtNAPHALIUM, L. Cudweed, Everlasting. (Tvaxftdkiw, the 

 Greek and also Latin name of these or similar plants). — Floccose-woolly herbs 

 (of most parts of the world) ; with sessile and sometimes decurrent entire leaves, 

 and cymosely clustered or glomerate heads of whitish or yellowish flowers. Invo- 

 lucre not rarely colored, but seldom yellow. Receptacle usually flat. Akenes 

 terete or flattish, mostly nerveless. Fl. summer and autumn. — Torr. & Gray, 

 Fl. ii. 426 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 305. 



§ 1. Eugnaphalium. Bristles of the pappus not at all united at the base, 



falling separately. 



# Involucre woolly only at base, mainly scarious, in ours from white to brownish straw-color 

 or rarely tinged with rose, not yellow: heads paniculately or corymbosely cymose or glom- 

 erate at summit of the leafy stem and branches : more or less fragrant herbs, erect, a foot or 

 two high from an annual or biennial or sometimes perennial root: akenes in our species smooth 

 and glabrous. 



+- Leaves not at all decurrent, narrowed at base : hermaphrodite flowers very few : akenes some- 

 times lightly 3— 4-nerved : stems freely branching, rather slender, 1 to 3 feet high. 



G. polycephalum, Michx. Erect from an annual root, somewhat aromatic : branches 

 either glabrous when the white wool is detached, or minutely viscid-pubescent when it is 

 caducous ; leaves thinnish, lanceolate or sometimes linear, mucronately acute or acuminate, 

 often with finely undulate margins, soon bare and green and commonly viscid-puberulent or 

 glandular above : heads in numerous rather close paniculately or cymosely disposed glomer- 

 ules : involucre dull white, soon with a rusty tinge ; its thin bracts oblong, obtuse. — PI. ii. 

 127 ; DC. Prodr. vi. 227 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. G. obtusifolium, L. Spec. ii. 851, a false name 

 taken from the char, and figure of the doubtful plant of Dill. Elth. (but the figure of Mori- 

 son is good and its leaves acute), changed in Lam. Diet. ii. 755 to G. conoideum, founded on 

 the same ambiguous figure. — Open woods and dry ground, Canada to Wisconsin and south 

 to Texas. (Mex.) 



Gr. "Wrightii, Geat. Diffusely much branched from an apparently perennial root, persist- 

 ently white-woolly, not glandular : leaves from spatulate to lanceolate (an inch or two long) : 

 heads (2 lines long) very numerous in small cymosely paniculate glomerules on loose spread- 

 ing or divergent branchlets : involucre turbinate, grayish- white, very woolly at base ; its 

 bracts thin, oblong, obtuse, but most of them (at least the inner) with an acute apiculation. 

 — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 214. G. microcephalum, Gray, PI. Wright, i. 124, & ii. 99, not Nutt. 

 — Dry ground, W. Texas and Arkansas to New Mexico and Arizona; first coll. by Wright. 

 (Adj. Mex.) 



+- •*- Leaves more or less adnate-decurrent at base, persistently white-woolly, slightly if at all 

 glandular or heavy -scented. 

 G. Arizonicum, Gray. Grayish-woolly : stems slender, strict, a foot high from an annual 

 root : cauline leaves narrowly linear (inch and a half long, a line wide), slenderly decurrent ; 

 lowest short and somewhat spatulate: heads (2 lines or more long) very numerous and 

 glomerate, the clusters fastigiate-cymose : involucre narrowly oblong, brownish; its thin 

 bracts mostly lanceolate and acute. — Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 3. — S. Arizona, in dried beds of 

 streams near Port Huachuca, Lemmon. 



G. microcephalum, Nutt. Slender, more loosely branched from an apparently perennial 

 root: leaves linear or lower spatulate-lanceolate, with slenderly decurrent base: heads (2 or 

 3 lines long) rather few or loose in the paniculately or cymosely disposed glomerules : invo- 

 lucre from turbinate to campanulate, bright white ; its bracts ovate or oblong (except the 

 innermost), obtuse, though described by Nuttall as " acute." — Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 

 vii. 404. — Along water-courses, S. California to Oregon ; first coll. by Nuttall. 



G. Sprengelii, Hook. & Akn. Stems usually stout, 6 to 30 inches high from an annual or 

 biennial root : leaves lanceolate or linear, or the lowest narrowly spatulate, densely white- 

 woolly, or sometimes more thinly floccose, the short decurrent bases or adnate auricles rather 

 broad: heads (3 lines long and wide) in single or few (rarely numerous and cymose) close 

 glomerules terminating the stem or few branches : involucre hemispherical, white or with 

 barely greenish-yellowish tinge, becoming slightly rusty in age ; its bracts thin, oval and 



