Iva. COMPOSITE. 247 



obovate-oval, turgid. — Car. 232; Michx. Fl. ii. 184; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — Sands of the 

 sea-shore, Virginia to Florida and Louisiana. (W. Ind.) 



++ ++ Bracts of the simpler involucre 5 or 4 ; those among the several or rather numerous sterile 

 flowers reduced to linear filiform chaff: herbage minutely or sparsely strigulose or nearly gla- 

 brous, rarely more pubescent: leaves opposite and alternate. 

 I. frut^scens, L. (Marsh Elder, High-water Shrub.) Shrubby, or on the northern 

 coast nearly herbaceous, erect, 3 to 8 feet high, much branched : canline leaves oval or ob- 

 long, 3 to 5 inches long, serrate, 3-nerved at base, petioled ; those of the branches lanceolate 

 and tapering to each end, and in the upper part of the inflorescence reduced to linear bracts 

 mostly surpassing the heads : bracts of the involucre distinct, orbicular-ohovate. — Amoen. 

 Acad. iii. 25, & Spec. ii. 989; "Walt. Car. 232; Lam. 111. t. 166, f. 2; Michx. Fl. ii. 184; 

 Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 287. — Brackish muddy shores and beaches along the sea-coast, from 

 Massachusetts to Texas. 

 I. Hayesiana, Gray. Suff rutescent, 2 or 3 feet high, with ascending rather simple branches : 

 leaves obovate-oblong or spatulate, or the small uppermost lanceolate, obtuse, entire, nearly 

 sessile ; the larger 2 inches long ; upper little or not at all surpassing the heads : involucral 

 bracts distinct, roundish. — Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 78, & Bot. Calif, i. 614. — Brackish soil, San 

 Diego Co., California, Sutton Hayes, Palmer, G. Ii. Vasey. 

 I. axillaris, Pursh. Herbaceous from somewhat woody creeping rootstocks ; the stems or 

 branches nearly simple, ascending, a, foot or two high : leaves from ohovate or oblong to 

 nearly linear, obtuse, mostly entire, sessile, rarely over inch long, even the uppermost usually 

 much surpassing the mostly solitary heads in their axils : bracts of the hemispherical invo- 

 lucre connate into a 4-5-lobed or sometimes parted and sometimes merely crenate cup. — 

 Fl. ii. 743; Nutt. Gen. ii. 185; Hook. Fl. i. 309, t. 106; Torr. & Gray, 1. c — /. axillaris 

 (bracts almost separate) & l.foliolosa (bracts much united), Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c. 

 346. — Sandy saline soil, Saskatchewan and Dakota to New Mexico, and west to Brit. Colum- 

 bia and California. 



Var. pubescens, Gray. Villous with lax spreading hairs : involucre turbinate and 

 almost entire. — Bot. Wilkes Exped. xvi. 350, & Bot. Calif, i. 343. — California, along the 

 Bay of San Francisco. 



■I— -i— Heads 3-6-flowered, small (about a line long), very numerous, subsessile, all surpassed 



by the narrow-linear or filiform mostly nlternate subtending leaves: slender erect annuals, 



with elongated or virgate flowering branches : chaffy bracts filiform. — § Monachana, Torr. & 



Gray, 1. c. 



I. microcephala, Nutt. Nearly glabrous, 2 or 3 feet high, even the lower leaves narrowly 



linear (an inch or two long, a line wide), those subtending the loosely disposed hemispherical 



heads spreading : involucre of 4 or 5 distinct bracts : fertile and sterile flowers each about 3. 



— Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. I.e.; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — Dry pine barrens, E. and Middle Florida, 



Baldwin, Chapman, Palmer, Curtiss. 



I. angnstifolia, Nutt. Strigulose-scabrous or somewhat hirsute, 2 to 4 feet high : lower 



leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends (larger inch and a half long, 3 or 4 lines wide), some 



of them sparingly serrate ; those of the branches from linear to filiform, the bracteal ones 



ascending : heads more crowded and spicate, turbinate : involucral bracts united by scarious 



edges into a cup : fertile flowers usually solitary ; the sterile 2 to 5 : anther-tips cuspidate- 



apiculate. — DC. Prodr. v. 529, & Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. La; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — Gravelly 



banks or beds of streams, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. (Adj. Mex.) 



§ 3. CHOEisfvA. Heads scattered, lateral and ebracteate on leafy branches : 

 fertile flowers with evident corolla. 



I. Nevadensis, M. E. Jones. Low and diffusely branched annual, leafy to the top, cine- 

 reously hirsute-pubescent : leaves obovate in outline, pinnately 3-7-parted into oblong or 

 obovate obtuse lobes : heads small, sessile along the branches or rarely in the axil of a leaf : 

 involucre of 3 nearly distinct ovate-oblong and very obtuse foliaceous bracts, considerably 

 surpassing the 8 to 10 male and 3 or 4 female flowers ; the latter subtended and akene partly 

 enwrapped by as many roundish and hyaline interior bracts ; their truncate corolla beset and 

 fringed by long hairs. — Am. Naturalist, xvii. 973, but akenes not "finely striate." — Near 

 Hawthorne, Nevada, M. E. Jones. — Insignificant but singular species, with the aspect of 

 Franseria Hooheriana. 



