Franseria. COMPOSITE. 251 



ing involucre armed with flat and thin lanceolate-subulate smooth and glabrous long and 

 straight spines, seemingly always 1 -flowered. — Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 294. F. Hookeriana & 

 montana, Nutt. 1. c. Hemixanthidium, Delpino, 1. c. 60. Ambrosia acanthicarpa, Hook. Fl. 

 i. 309. — Plains and along streams, Saskatchewan to Washington Terr., California, Arizona, 

 and W. Texas. 



F. bipinnatifida, Nett. Procumbent, with stems 2 or 3 feet long from a perennial root, 

 somewhat hirsute: leaves of ovate circumscription (an inch or two long), 2-3-pinnately 

 parted into oblong-linear divisions and small oblong lobes, canescent with soft tomentum or 

 fine hirsute-sericeous pubescence: sterile spike or raceme dense, of rather large heads: 

 fruiting involucre ovate-fusiform, armed with rather short and thick but flattish tubercule- 

 like spines, their acute tips sometimes incurving. — Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 507 ; Torr. & 

 Gray,l. c. F. Lessingii, Walp. Rel. Meyen. 268. — Sands of the sea-coast, Washington Terr, 

 to S. California. 



P. Chamissonis, Less. Leaves cuneate-obovate or oblong-orate with a cuneate base, 

 3-5-nerved at base, obtusely serrate, the lower often laciniate-incised ; otherwise as the pre- 

 ceding, or the 2-flowered fruiting involucre rather thicker, the spines broader and more cana- 

 liculate. — Torr. & Gray, 1. c. (with var. cuneifolia) ; Gray, Bot. Cal. i. 345. F. Chamissonis, 

 var. malvafolia, Less, in Linn. vi. 507 ; DC. L c. F. cuneifolia, Nutt. 1. c. — Sandy sea- 

 beaches, Brit. Columbia to California. 



F. discolor, Nutt. 1. c. A foot or less high, erect from perennial slender creeping root- 

 stqcks : leaves caaescently tomentose beneath, green and glabrate above, interruptedly 

 bipinnatifid, oblong in outline, comparatively large (the lowest often 6 inches long) ; the 

 lobes usually short and broad : sterile racemes commonly solitary : fruiting involucre ovoid, 

 2-flowered, canescent, armed with rather short conical-subulate very acute and straight spines. 

 — Torr. & Gray, 1. c. From station and char, probably Ambrosia tomentosa, Nutt. Gen. ii. 

 -186. Xanthidium discolor, Delpino, 1. c. — Plains, &c, Nebraska to Wyoming, Colorado, and 

 New Mexico. 



F. tomentosa, Gray. A foot high, Tather stout, erect from an apparently perennial base 

 or rootstock, canescent with a dense sericeous tomentum : leaves very white beneath, cine- 

 reous above, pinnately 3-5-cleft or parted ; the terminal division large, oblong or broadly lan- 

 ceolate, serrate ; upper lateral similar but smaller ; lowest commonly very small and entire : 

 fruiting involucre 3 lines long, turgid-ovoid, 2-flowered, nearly glabrous ; the short spines 

 conical-subulate, very acute, and the very tip usually uncinate-incurved. — PI. Fendl. 80, & 

 Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 102. — Along streams or river-beds, Kansas and B. Colorado, Fendler, 

 Bigelow, Hall. 



# # # Shrubby, low (1 to 3 feet high), much branched, canescent with a fine and close white 

 tomentum, which is sometimes partly deciduous with age : sterile heads and fertile glomerules 

 not rarely intermixed in short racemes or clusters. 



+- Fruiting involucre mostly 2-flowered, smooth and glabrous, or barely puberulent ; its spines 

 flattened and dilated at base, mostly straight-pointed. 



F. dumosa, Gray. Divergently much branched, very canescent : leaves small, 1-3-pinnately 

 parted into oblong or roundish (1 or 2 lines long) obtuse lobes : fertile involucre globular; 

 its spines long, tapering from a broadish flat base to a slender aristiform point. — Frem. 2d 

 Rep. 316, Bot. Mex. Bound. 86, & Bot. Calif, i. 345. F. albicaulis, Torr. PI. Frem. 16.— 

 Arid region, from S. E. California to S. Utah and S. Arizona; first coll. by Coulter. 



F. deltoidea, Torr. Somewhat less woody, and less densely canescent-tomentulose : 

 branches erect or spreading ; leaves all undivided, from rhomboid-ovate or oblong to deltoid 

 or obscurely hastate, minutely and often doubly crenate-serrate, an inch or less long, rather 

 slender-petioled : fruiting involucre of the preceding, but the spines shorter and broader, 

 flatter, lanceolate-subulate. — PI. Frem. 15; Bot. Mex. Bound. 87; Bot. Calif. I.e. — Xan- 

 thidium rhombophjllum, Delpino, 1. c. "i — Arid regions of Arizona, and perhaps adjacent part 

 of California, Fremont, Parry, Schott, Palmer, &c. (Can hardly be F. clienopodiifolia, Benth., 

 of Lower California.) 



+- -f— Fruiting involucre only one-flowered, villous-lanate ! 



F. eriocentra, Gray. Rigidly much branched, canescent with very minute tomentum : 

 leaves soon green and glabrate above, cuneate-oblong to lanceolate, from sinuately few-toothed 

 or lobed to sparingly and irregularly laciniate-pinnatifid, nearly sessilo by attenuate base : 



