258 COMPOSITE. Spilanthes. 



93. SPILANTHES, Jacq. (SttiAos, a spot or stain, aW?os, flower; name 

 ordinarily without application.) — Usually spreading or creeping herbs (mainly 

 tropical) ; with opposite and merely serrate leaves, rather small heads on pe- 

 duncles terminating the stem and branches, the rays when present yellow or 

 white, the disk-flowers yellow : herbage of some species acrid to the taste. Fl. 

 summer. — Jacq. Amer. t. 214, Hort. Vind. t. 135, & Ic. Ear. t. 584; Schreb. 

 Gen. 1266; DC. Prodr. v. 620. Spilanthus, L. Mant. 475; Gsertn. Fruct. ii. 

 t. 167. — Our species is of the section Acmella, DC. {Acmella, Pers. Syn. ii. 472), 

 having evident ligules. 



S. repens, Michx. Perennial by the creeping base, slender, spreading or ascending, from 

 hirsute-pubescent to almost glabrous: stems 'slender, » foot or two long: leaves from lan- 

 ceolate to oblong-ovate, an inch or two long, from sparsely denticulate to serrate, abruptly 

 or sometimes gradually contracted at base into a petiole: peduncles 2 to 4 inches long: 

 bracts of the involucre oblong-lanceolate, mostly obtuse : rays 8 to 12, yellow, rather shorter 

 than the obtusely ovoid disk • receptacle at length subulate-conical : akenes oblong, less 

 than a line long, not flat, most of them tuberculate-roughened in age and minutely hispidu- 

 lous, the margins not more so than the sides : pappus none or occasionally one or two mi- 

 nute awns. — Fl. ii. 131 ; DC. Prodr. v. 623. S. repens & S. Nuttallii, Torr. & Gray, PI. ii. 

 356. Antliemis repens, Walt. Car. 211 ; Pursh, PI. ii. 562. Acmella repens, Pers. Syn. 1. c. 

 A. repens & A. occidentalis, Nutt. Gen. ii. 171. — Low or wet ground, S. Carolina to Florida, 

 Arkansas, and Texas. 



94. ECHINACEA, Moench. ('E^tvos, hedgehog, or sea-urchin, in allusion 

 to the spinescent bracts of the receptacle.) — Atlantic N. American perennial herbs ; 

 with thick and black roots of pungent taste (used in popular medicine under the 

 name of Black Sampson), rather stout erect stems, undivided somewhat nervose 

 leaves, the lower long-petioled, and solitary large heads on long peduncles ter- 

 minating the stem and few branches ; in summer. Rays from flesh-color to 

 rose-purple or crimson, much elongating with age: disk purplish. — Meth. 591; 

 Cass. Diet, xxxv., xlvii., &c. ; DC. Prodr. v. 554, excl. sp. Mex. Brauneria, 

 Necker. Heliochroa, Raf. Neog. 1825, no. 35, &c. 



E. purpurea, Moench. Commonly smooth and glabrous, or the leaves hispidulous and 

 rough, sometimes the stem also hispid, 2 feet or more high : leaves ovate-lanceolate or the 

 lower ovate from a broad base, commonly denticulate or acutely serrate, most of them 

 abruptly contracted into a margined petiole, some of the middle occasionally opposite; 

 lower often 3-5-plinerved involucre well imbricated: ligules (rarely almost white), at first 

 an inch long and broadish, in age often elongated to 2 inches or more. — Torr. & Gray, Fl. 

 ii. 305, with varieties. E. purpurea & E. serotina, DC. Prodr. v. 554. . Rudbeckia purpurea, 

 L. Spec. ii. 907 (Catesb. Car. t. 59; Pluk. Aim. t. 21, &c.) ; Bot. Mag. £ 2 ; Schkuhr, Handb. 

 t. 259 ; Bart. Fl. Am. Sept ii. t. 64. R. serotina, Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 4, & Lodd. Cab. 

 " t. 1539 (R. purpurea, var. serotina, Nutt. Gen. ii. 178), the hirsute or hispid form, which is 

 R. hispida, Hoffm., and R. speciosa, Link. Enum., ex DC. Heliochroa Linnmana, elatior, 

 ■ amorna, /areata, &c, Ilaf. Neog. 1. c — Rich or deep soil, Virginia and Ohio to Illinois and 

 Louisiana. 



B. angustifolia, DC. Hispid, either sparsely or densely, a foot or two high, mostly sim- 

 ple : leaves from broadly lanceolate to nearly linear, entire, 3-nerved, all attenuate at base, 

 the lower into slender petioles ; bracts of the involucre in only about 2 series : heads and 

 flowers nearly of the preceding (the fruiting disk often an inch high), or sometimes very 

 much smaller. — Prodr. 1. c; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 306; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3281 ; Sprague, 

 "Wild Flowers of Amer. t.-25. .E. pallida & E. sanguinea, Nutt. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 

 n. ser. vii. 354. Rudbeckia pallida, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. vii. 77. — Prairies and bar- 

 rens, Saskatchewan and Nebraska to Texas, and east to Illinois, Tennessee, and Alabama; 

 in several forms ; some too near the preceding. 



