RudbecMa. COMPOSITE. 261 



length of the 12 (&.14 fully inch-long rays: disk over half-inch in diameter. — Ait. Kew. 

 iii. 251 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1996 ; Bart. Fl. Am. Sept. i. t. 54, & iii. t. 98 (both figures doubtful) ; 

 Torr. & Gray, 1. c, partly. R. chrysomela, Michx. Fl. ii. 143. R. discolor, Pursh, Fl. ii. 574, 

 DC. 1. c, hardly of Elliott. — Dry soil, Pennsylvania 1 and Virginia to Louisiana and Texas, 

 west to Missouri ; flowering rather late. 



R. spathulata, Michx. Strigulose : stem slender, 8 inches to 3 feet high : leaves obovate 

 or spatulate, or the uppermost lanceolate, denticulate or sparingly serrate, their pubescence 

 wholly appressed and short ; radical and lowest cauline leaves mostly roundish at summit, at 

 base abruptly contracted into a winged petiole, or even subcordate : peduncle usually elon- 

 gated : involucre commonly shorter and rays fewer and broader than in the preceding, and 

 disk smaller. — Fl. ii. 144; Nutt. Gen. ii. 178. R. Heliopsidis, A. H. Curtiss, coll. no. 1427, 

 not Torr. & Gray. R. fulgida, Torr. & Gray, 1. u., var. y, & $ in part. — Pine woods, Vir- 

 ginia to Tennessee and Florida. 



R. speciosa, Wenderoth. Sparsely strigulose or hispid, or glabrate : stem 1 to 3 feet 

 high, usually with spreading branches terminating in long naked peduncles : leaves ovate- 

 lanceolate or the upper elongated-lanceolate, bright green, irregularly serrate or some 

 laciniately dentate, acute or acuminate; radical and lower cauline oblong or ovate, 3-5- 

 nerved, abruptly contracted into long margined petioles : rays_JL2 to 20, elongated, at length 

 inch and a half long: disk two-thirds to three-fourths inch high at maturity, the tips of the 

 purple chaffy bracts sparingly or obscurely ciliate : akenes larger and longer than in the 

 related species (line and a half long), more curved. — Ind. Sem. Hort. Marb. 1828, & in 

 Flora, 1829, i. Suppl. 30; Schrad. in DC. 1. c; Torr. & Gray, 1. c; Gard. Chron. 1881, 

 ii. 372, fig. 72. Probably R. aspera, Pers. Syn. ii. 477. R. fulgida, Meehan, Nat. Flowers, 

 ser. 2, i. t. 14. — Moist ground, Penn. to Michigan, Arkansas, and upper part of Alabama. 

 Long cultivated in gardens as R. fulgida, &c. 



b. Chaffy bracts of the receptacle with the obtuse tips canescently puberulent or pubescent, and the 

 flowers duller purple ; the disk therefore browner. 



1. Cauline leaves all closely sessile or partly clasping, not nervose : bristly style-tips little thick- 

 ened: akenes small : pappus very short or obsolete. 



R. mollis Ell. Cinereous, the leaves with fine and close pubescence, the (2 or 3 feet high 

 and usually branching) stem with hirsute or villous hairs, leafy: leaves spatulate-oblong, 

 obtuse, obscurely serrate, somewhat triplinerved (1 to 3 inches long): rays 12 to 20, at 

 length inch and a half long and disk fully half-inch high.— Sk. ii. 453 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 

 R. spathulata, Pursh, Fl. ii. 574.— Dry soil, Georgia and Florida. 



2. Cauline leaves mostly petioled : heads small: quadrangular akenes only a line long: pappus an 

 obscure crown or hardly any. 



R. Heliopsidis, Tore. & Gray. Almost glabrous, 2 feet high, rather slender, branched 

 above : leaves oblong-ovate, somewhat serrate, triplinerved and with a pair of nearly basal 

 nerves, abruptly contracted, the upper into short and wing-margined, the lower into long and 

 naked petioles : peduncles rather short and corymbose : involucre much shorter than the at 

 length globular disk (which is hardly half-inch high) : rays light yellow, 10 or 12, an inch or 

 less long. — Fl. ii. 310. — Pine woods, Columbus, Georgia, Boykin. Cherokee Co. and Lee 

 Co., Alabama, Buckley, J. Donnell Smith. 



3. Cauline leaves mostly petioled and like the radical 3-5-nerved; the veinlets reticulated: heads 

 large and showv; the soon drooping light yellow rays 1 or 2 inches long, and the hemispherical 

 at length somewhat conical receptacle becoming three fourths of an inch high : involucre rather 

 small: akenes somewhat compressed: pappus a conspicuous cup-shaped irregularly dentate or 

 crenate crown : stem 2 or 3 feet high, usually simple, and head long-peduncled. 



R. alismsefolia, Torr. & Gray. Glabrous or minutely scabrous : leaves oval, obtuse or 

 sometimes acute, obscurely repand-dentate or entire, 3 to 6 inches long, abruptly contracted 

 into the petiole: rays 10 to 15.— Fl. ii. 310. — Plains and open pine woods, S.Arkansas, 

 W. Louisiana, and adjacent Texas, Leavenworth, Hale, Drummond. 



R. grandiflora, C. C. Gmelin. Hispidulous and scabrous throughout : leaves more rigid, 

 ovate to oval-lanceolate or uppermost lanceolate, commonly acute or acuminate at both ends, 

 sparingly serrate or denticulate, 4 to 9 inches long: rays 20 or more. — Hort. Bad. Carlsr. 

 1811 ; DC. 1. c. 556 (with some erroneous characters as to chaff and pappus, taken froin a 

 plant of R. hirta) ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Centrocarpha grandiflora, Don in Sweet. Brit. Fl. 



