Hdianthus. COMPOSITE. 271 



V. Parishii, Greene. Branched from the base and diffuse; the nearly simple slender 

 flowering branches (sometimes rather canescently pubescent) bearing mostly solitary pedun- 

 culate heads : leaves ovate, small (half-inch to barely inch long), somewhat serrate, short- 

 petioled : involucre broad : its bracts lanceolate : akenes more villous : awns as long as the 

 akene and chaffy-dilated only near the base ; the paleae much laciniate. — Bull. Torr. Club 

 ix. 15. — Desert region of W. Arizona and S. E. California to the coast at San Luis Bey, 

 Newberry, Palmer, Parry & Lemmon, Parish, W. G. Wright, Greene. 



H — -i — -* — Herbaceous ? perennials, white-tomentose or canescent (at least the foliage) : involucre 

 of rather short imbricated bracts. 



V. reticulata, Watson. Stem glabrate, few-leaved : leaves rigid and coriaceous, cordate, 

 entire, strongly veined and reticulated beneath, 2 inches long, petioled, canescent with short 

 rather silky pubescence: heads small (3 or 4 lines high), several in the corymbiform clus- 

 ters : rays 3 lines long : subulate chaffy awns only twice the length of the laciniate pales 

 of the pappus. — Amer. Nat. vii. 301 . — Telescope Mountain, Kevada, Wheeler. 



V. tephrodes, Gray. Silvery-white with close-pressed sericeous-hirsute (not tomentose) 

 pubescence, which is probably somewhat deciduous : leaves alternate, ovate-oblong or the 

 upper rather deltoid-lanceolate, entire, thickish, 3-ribbed at base and obscurely veiny, less 

 than inch long, slender-petioled : heads few or solitary, less than half-inch high : akenes (or 

 rather ovaries) short, with villous-ciliate margins and rather glabrous sides, about the length 

 of the lanceolate awned paleas, the short intermediate palese dissected into almost setiform 

 squamelhe. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 218. Hdianthus (Harpalium) tephrodes, Gray, Bot. 

 Mex. Bound. 90. Viguiera nivea, Gray, Bot. Calif, i. 354, excl. syn. Benth. & syn. Kellogg. 

 — S. E. California, at Mirasol del Monte, in the Colorado Desert, Schott. 

 V. i,anata, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 218 (Bahiopsis lanala, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 



ii. 35), of Lower California, with very pannose dense tomentum, is of the genus, but is not 



Encelia nivea, Benth. 



V. toment6sa and V. DELiofDEA, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. v. 161, are other species of 

 Lower California. 



103. TITHONIA, Desf. (T&wos, consort of Aurora.) — Robust annuals 

 (all Mexican) ; with alternate petioled and 3-ribbed often 3-lobed ample leaves, and 

 large heads of yellow flowers on long and stout upwardly thickened peduncles. 

 Ligules entire or nearly so. Bracts of the receptacle rather rigid, striate, cuspi- 

 date or aristate. Akenes oblong or narrower, compressed-quadrangular : the 

 pappus either deciduous or persistent. — Desf. Ann. Mus. i. 49, t. 4 ; Benth. & 

 Hook. Gen. ii. 374. — The following was collected so near the southwestern 

 boundary of the U. S. that it is here introduced. 



T. Thurberi, Gray. Comparatively small and slender, 2 feet high, slightly hispid : leaves 

 ovate, serrate, undivided : head only half-inch high, with little exserted orange-colored rays : 

 bracts of the involucre lanceolate or oblong, with short foliaceous tips : akenes narrow : 

 squamellse of the pappus linear-oblong, coriaceous, the awns nearly smooth. — Proc. Am. 

 Acad. viii. 655. T. tubceformis, Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 90, not Cass., which is a far larger 

 and showy species. — Magdalena, State of Sonora, Mex., near Arizona, Thurber. 



104. HELIANTHUS, L. Sunflower. (From "HAios, the sun, and 

 av6o<s, flower.) — Annual and perennial American herbs, almost all N. American, 

 usually tall or coarse ; with the lowest and sometimes all the leaves opposite and 

 simple; heads pedunculate and terminating the stem or branches, produced in 

 summer or autumn, with yellow rays (wanting in one or two species), and either 

 yellow or dark purple disk-flowers : chaffy bracts of the receptacle either entire 

 or 3-toothed: throat of the disk-corollas not rarely 10-nerved. Pappus normally 

 of a thin and acuminate or awn-pointed palea from each of the two principal 

 angles of the akene, or rarely an additional one : intermediate squamellee present 



