272 COMPOSITE. Helianthus. 



only in a few species, and then inconstant, or else mere appendages or lateral 

 portions of the 2-paleaceous pappus. Juice of the stem resinous. — Schkuhr, 

 Handb. t. 528; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 318; Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 376, excl. 

 syn. of Flourensia in part. 



H. paucifl6kus, Nutt. Gen. ii. 177, of "Lower Louisiana," with narrow serrate leaver, and 

 ovate closely imbricated bracts to the involucre, has not been identified. 



§ 1. Annuals : involucre spreading ; its bracts attenuate to a point : disk 

 brownish or dark purple : receptacle flat or nearly so : leaves petioled, 3-ribbed 

 from or near the base, all but the lower usually alternate. 



* Stem erect, commonly robust : chaffy bracts of the receptacle mostly 3-cleft at apex, the longer 

 middle lobe lanceolate or linear and somewhat hirsute or hispid. Species of difficult limitation, 

 apparently confluent. 



H. argoph^llus, Tore. & Gray. White with soft and silky wool, which is sometimes 

 floccose, in age more or less deciduous : leaves slightly serrate : otherwise as in the larger 

 indigenous forms of the following. — PI. ii. 318; Kev. Hort. 1 857, 43 1 with figure. — Texas ; 

 first coll. by Drummond. Disk often inch and a half broad, and rays as long. Degenerates 

 in cultivation apparently into 



H. annuus, L. (Common Sunflower.) Robust, when well developed tall, hispid, his- 

 pidulous, or scabrous : stem often spotted or mottled : leaves ovate and the lower cordate, 

 serrate, the larger 6 to 12 inches long, the blade of the cauline ones longer than their petiole : 

 bracts of the involucre from broadly ovate to oblong, aristiform-acuminate, below hispidly 

 ciliate : disk in the wild plant commonly an inch or more in diameter. — Spec. ii. 904 (excl. 

 habitat, for it came not from Peru, nor even from Mexico) ; Lam. 111. 706 ; Gray, Bot. Calif, 

 i. 353. H. lenticularis, Dougl. Bot. Peg. t. 1225 ; DC. Prodr. v. 586 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 

 H. tubwformis, Nutt. Gen. ii. 177 ; Ind. Sem. Gcett. 139. H. ovatus, Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hamb. 

 1828, & Linn. v. 376. H. erylhrocarpus, Bartl. H. macrocarpus, DC. Prodr. 1. c, a race of 

 the garden Sunflower with larger and light-colored akenes, long cult, in Bussia, &c, for food 

 and oil. H. multiflorus, Hook. PI. i. 313, excl. syn. (Por history, &c, see Decaisne in Fl. 

 des Serres, xxiii., and Gray & Trumbull in Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 3, xxiii. 245.) — Plains and 

 alluvial grounds, Saskatchewan to Texas, and west to Washington Terr, and California. 

 (Adj. Mex.) Pruit from early times collected by the N. American Indians for food and 

 hair-oil; the plant cultivated for these uses. Gigantesque forms everywhere commonly 

 cultivated for ornament. 



H. petiolaris, Nutt. A foot to a yard high, more slender, loosely branching, strigose-his- 

 pidulous, rarely hirsute : leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, entire or sparingly 

 denticulate, barely acute, 1 to 3 inches long, cuneately attenuate or the lower abruptly con- 

 tracted into a long and slender petiole : bracts of the involucre lanceolate or oblong-lanceo- 

 late, with acute and mucronate or sometimes more attenuate tips, seldom at all ciliate : disk 

 half-inch or more in diameter. — Jour. Acad. Philad. ii, 115; Sweet, Brit. PI. Gard. ser. 2, 

 t. 75 ; DC. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. H. patens, L.ehm. Ind. Sem. Hamb. 1828, & Ind. Schol. 

 1828, 19. H. integrifolius, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 366. — Dry plains, Saskatchewan 

 to Texas, west to Oregon and Arizona : seemingly passes into the preceding species. 



Var. canesoens, Gray, PI. Wright, i. 108. Leaves whitened with a fine and close 

 strigulose-sericeous pubescence; the lowest ovate, all or most of them with blade longer 

 than the petiole. — S. W. Texas and New Mexico ; first coll. by Wright. A very similar 

 variety from Nebraska, H. Engelmann. 



# * Stem erect, not tall: chaffy bracts of the receptacle entire or with a pair of small lateral 

 teeth, and the apex prolonged into a naked cusp or awn : bracts of the involucre hirsute or 

 hispid with long spreading hairs, oblong or lanceolate, mostly attenuate-acuminate. 



H, SCaberrimus, Benth. A foot or two high : stem rather stout, branching, scabrous- 

 hispid : leaves from ovate to oblong-lanceolate, from rather coarsely serrate to entire, 2 to 5 

 inches long, the base cuneately or more abruptly contracted into the petiole, both faces either 

 slightly or strongly scabrous : disk about' two-thirds inch in diameter, and rays of about 

 equal length : cusp of the chaff mostly subulate-aristiform and equalling the developed disk- 

 flowers. — Bot. Sulph. 28, not Ell. II. Bolanderi, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 544, &Bot. 



