Helianthus. COMPOSITE. 277 



roots. — Moist or wet ground, Canada to Saskatchewan, and south to Alabama and Louisiana. 

 Very variable : the var. ambiguus, Torr. & Gray, 1. c, is intermediate between this species 

 and H. divaricatus, probably a hybrid. 

 H. Maximilian!, Schkader. Hispidulous-scabrous : stem stout, 2 or 3 (and even 10 to 12) 

 feet high, below mostly rough-hispid : leaves almost all alternate, thickish, becoming rigid, 

 very scabrous above, lanceolate, acute or acuminate at both ends, mostly subsessile, all entire 

 or sparingly denticulate : heads comparatively large, short-peduncled, terminating somewhat 

 simple stem or branches, and later in the axils of many of the cauline leaves : involucre 

 of more rigid bracts : rays numerous, often inch and a half long, golden yellow : flowering 

 late. — Ind. Sem. Hort. Goett. 1835; DC. Prodr. vii. 290; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 325; Gray, 

 PL Lindh. i. 41 (with var. asperrimus, which is merely a rougher form) ; Meehan, Nat. Fl. ii. 

 t. 37. — Rich prairies and plains, west of the Mississippi, and from Saskatchewan and Min- 

 nesota to Texas. 



++ ++ Pacific species : leaves mostly lanceolate, broader toward the base and tapering to an acute 

 or acuminate apex, short-petioled or subsessile : involucre of narrow or small bracts : rays about 

 inch long. 



== Bracts of the involucre linear- or lanceolate-subulate, attenuate, fully equalling the disk, her- 

 baceous, loose or soon squarrose-spreading : stem usually smooth and glabrous, except at the 

 summit. 



H. Nuttallii, Tork. & Gray. Stem slender, 2 to 4 feet high, commonly simple : leaves 

 lanceolate or the upper linear (3 to 6 inches long, 3 to 9 lines wide, in small plants not rarely 

 all opposite), serrulate or entire: heads half -inch hign: bracts of the involucre naked or 

 somewhat hirsute at base : disk-corollas slightly pubescent toward the base : palese of the 

 pappus long and narrow. — Fl. ii. 324. H. Californicus, Nutt. in herb., not DC. — In wet 

 soil, Rocky Mountains, from western part of Wyoming and Utah to Oregon, Washington 

 Terr., and interior of Brit. Columbia. 



H. Parishii, Gray. Resembles the preceding, 6 to 15 feet high: leaves elongated-lanceo- 

 late, softly cinereous-puberulent or even canescent beneath, scabrous above : heads half-inch 

 high and rays 10 to 18 lines long : bracts of the involucre linear-subulate, longer than the 

 disk, villous toward the base : disk-corollas with a silky-villous ring or two tufts above the 

 short proper tube : paleas of the pappus slender-subulate. — Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 7. — S. E. 

 California, in wet places and along streams at San Bernardino, Parish ; fl. autumn. 



H. Californicus, DC. Tall, 3 to 8 feet high, usually branching : leaves lanceolate, entire 

 or serrate (the larger 4 to 10 inches long, sometimes an inch or two wide) : heads mostly 

 two-thirds inch high : rays over an inch long when well developed : bracts of the involucre 

 slightly hirsute or naked : disk-corollas canescently puberulent toward the base : akenes very 

 glabrous : palese of the pappus broadly lanceolate. — Prodr. v. 589 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 325 ; 

 Gray, Bot. Calif, i. 353. H. giganteus, var. insulus, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. v. 17.— 

 California, along streams, from San Francisco Bay southward. 



Var. Utahensis (H. giganteus, var. Utahensis, Eaton, Bot. King Exp. 169) seems 

 rather to be a form of H. Californicus, with thin and smoother leaves, and involucre more 

 hirsute. — Wahsatch Mts., Parley's Park, Utah, Watson. 



Var. Mariposianus. Leaves ample ; upper cauline ovate or oblong-lanceolate, en- 

 tire (7 or 8 inches long by 2 or more wide) : pappus not rarely of 4 linear-lanceolate palea; 

 of nearly equal length, or two often reduced and short. — Banks of the Merced at Clark's 

 Ranch, Mariposa Co., California, Bolander. 



= = Bracts of the involucre broader and short, erect. 



H. gracilentus, Gray. Stem 2 to 5 feet high, rough-hispidulous, the slender branches 

 glabrous or scabrous : leaves thickish, scabrous and commonly hispidulous both sides, spar- 

 ingly denticulate or entire ; lower cauline from broadly to ovate-lanceolate, triplinerved near 

 the base, which is abruptly contracted into a short margined petiole; upper lanceolate: 

 heads slender-peduncled, half-inch high : bracts of the involucre imbricated in about 3 ranks, 

 thickish, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or apiculate-acuminate, shorter than the disk, 

 scabrous-puberulent, usually ciliolate : chaff of receptacle with puberulent obtuse or abruptly 

 acutish tips, below often purplish: rays 12 to 16, about inch long. — Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 77, 

 Bot. Calif, i. 616. — Low plains and along water-courses, San Diego Co. to San Bernardino 

 Co., California, Palmer, Parry & Lemmon, Parish, &c. 



