280 COMPOSITE. Helianthus. 



Var. mollis, Torr. & Gray, I, a. Leaves canescently tomentulose beneath, not 

 rarely subcordate, commonly larger (upper cauline not rarely 6 to 8 inches long) : involucre 

 looser, the bracts mostly with prolonged attenuate tips : there are similar forms without the 

 pubescence, except when young. — H. mollis, Willd. Spec. iii. 2240, excl. syn. Michx. ; Hook. 

 Bot. Mag. t. 3689, not Lam. H. macrophi/llus, Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 70, & Enum. 920. — 

 Mass. to Iowa ; commoner westward. 

 H. tracheliifolius, Willd. Resembles the two preceding : leaves thinner, nearly of the 

 same rather dull green hue both sides, all distinctly short-petioled, lower more sharply 

 serrate : involucre of the following, i. e. the bracts all loose and spreading, linear-attenuate, 

 hirsute, surpassing the disk, sometimes much prolonged and attenuate-foliaceous. — Spec, 

 iii. 2241, & Enum. 920. H. prostratus, Willd. 1. c. 2242, a weak form, decumbent in cultiva- 

 tion. — Moist or dry ground, Penn.? and Ohio to Wisconsin and Illinois. 



= = = == Cauline leaves more conspicuously petioled, prominently serrate, thinnish or soft, 

 veiny, commonly broad, the upper disposed to be alternate : stems mostly branching : involucral 

 bracts loose, hirsute-ciliate. 



H. decapetalus, L. Rootstocks rather slender, branching, more or less tuberous-thickened 

 at apex : stem smooth and glabrous below, 2 to 5 feet high ; the branches slightly pubescent 

 or scabrous : leaves usually membranaceous, ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate, saliently ser- 

 rate, green both sides, either smooth and glabrous or above papillose-scabrous and slightly 

 scabrous below, 4 to 8 inches long, the truncate or somewhat cuneate base abruptly con- 

 tracted into a winged or naked petiole : bracts of the involucre narrowly lanceolate-linear or 

 linear, thin, often foliaceous and surpassing the disk: rays 8 to 10 or more, light yellow, 

 only an inch long. — Spec. ii. 905 ; Ait. 1. c. ; Willd. 1. c. ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3510 ; Torr. & 

 Gray, 1. c. H. frondosus, L. Amcen. Acad. iv. 290, & Spec. ed. 2, ii. 1277, merely a form 

 with foliaceous involucre. II. strumosus, Willd. 1. c. 2422 ; Ell. Sk. ii. 420. //. tenuifolius, 

 Ell. 1. c, thin-leaved form of shady places. — Banks of streams and moist woods, Canada to 

 Michigan, Illinois, Kentucky, and Georgia, in the upper country. 



Var. multiflorUS ? S. multiflorus, L. 1. c. ; Bot. Mag. t. 227, known only in culti- 

 vation, from early times ; must have been derived from H. decapetalus. It has short and 

 thick rootstocks, somewhat firmer leaves, on naked petioles, larger heads, more numerous 

 bracts to the involucre, and 20 or more rays. The more common form of it in gardens is 

 dwarf, and the disk filled with transformed ligulate flowers. 



H. tuberosus, L. (Jerusalem Artichoke.) Stem usually pubescent or hirsute, 5 to 10 

 feet high, branching at summit : leaves mostly alternate on the branches, and sometimes on 

 the upper part of the stem, ovate or subcordate, sometimes oblong, acuminate, thickish- 

 membranaceous, dull green, minutely pubescent and occasionally cinereous beneath, soon 

 scabrous above : bracts of the involucre lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, hirsute, at least the 

 margins toward the base : rays often inch and a half long, 12 to 20 : bracts of the receptacle 

 hirsute-pubescent on the back : akenes more or less pubescent at summit and margins, 

 mostly long and slender • horizontal rootstocks enlarging at apex into either oval or fusiform 

 fleshy tubers (in cult, large and oblong or roundish, sweet and edible). — L. Spec. ii. 905 

 (excl. habitat) ; Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 161 ; Trumbull & Gray in Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 3. xiii. 

 (May, 1877), 347 ; Decaisne in El. Serres, xxiii. 1881. H. doronicoides, Torr. & Gray, El. ii. 

 327, in part ; Gray, Man. 257, not Lam. — Moist alluvial ground, Upper Canada to Sas- 

 katchewan, and south to Arkansas and middle parts of Georgia. Was cultivated by the 

 aborigines, and the tubers developed ; now widely dispersed under cultivation. Among the 

 various indigenous forms the following may be distinguished. 



Var. suboanescens. Mostly dwarf (about 2 feet high), comparatively small-leaved, 

 rough-hispidulous or scabrous, but the lower face of the leaves whitish with soft and fine 

 pubescence. — Plains of Minnesota, Dakota, &c, Kenni'cott, Coues, Ward, sometimes with 

 well-developed tubers. Also, a larger form with narrower leaves, near St. Louis, Missouri, 

 Engelmann, &c. 



H. dealbatus. A foot or two high from a frutescent base, canescent with fine appressed 

 pubescence : leaves ovate to oblong, obtuse, entire or repand, 3-nerved at the rounded or ab- 

 ruptly contracted base (about inch long), rather long-petioled ; lower opposite, upper alternate: 

 head solitary, terminating simple stems or few branches, slender-peduncled, barely half-inch 

 high : involucre short-campanulate, canescent, of oblong-linear obtuse bracts, shorter than the 

 fuscous disk: rays 4 or 5 lines long: akenes turgid, sericeous-pubescent. — Lower California, 



