Encelia. COMPOSITE. 281 



Belding, 1875. At All-Saints Bay, 70 miles below the U. S. boundary, Parry, 1883 ; perhaps 

 therefore within the U. S. A singular species, with aspect of a Viguiera, but a caducous pappus 

 of two lanceolate paleaj and no squamellse. 



105. FLOURENSIA, DC. (M. J. P. Flourens, a distinguished physi- 

 ologist.) — Founded on two homogamous northern Mexican species, of very dis- 

 tinct habit and character, shrubby, almost glabrous, somewhat resiniferous-viscid, 

 much branched, with alternate entire leaves, either corymbed or paniculate short- 

 peduncled heads from upper axils, and whitish or yellowish flowers. To these 

 the founder added two Chilian radiate species, viz. F. corymbosa, which is a 



Viguiera ( V. Pceppigii) ; and F. thurifera (Helianthus thurifer, Molina), which 

 may probably remain as a subgenus, Diomedia, Bertero and Colla, not Cass. — 

 DC. Prodr. v. 592, excl. no. 2 ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 7. 



P. cernua, DC, 1. c. Very branching and leafy shrub, with the aromatic bitterness and 

 odor of hops, 3 to 6 feet high : branches puberulent : leaves obovate and oblong, half to inch 

 and a half long, acute at both ends, dull, obscurely veiny : heads seldom half-inch long, sub- 

 sessile in the axils or terminating paniculate branchlets, soon nodding : involucre eam- 

 panulate, shorter than the disk, of lanceolate erect imbricated bracts, with some outer and 

 spreading foliaceous ones passing into leaves : tips of the short style-branches much dilated, 

 wider than high : awns of the pappus rigid, half the length of the appressed-villous akene, 

 the slender squamellse not surpassing the villous hairs. — Gray, PI. Wright, i. 1 14, & ii. 89. 

 Helianthus cernuus, Benth. & Hook. Gen., ex Hemsl., but it is not really so referred, nor has 

 it any likeness to that genus. — Arid hills and plains, W. Texas to Arizona, Wright, Lem- 

 mon, &c. (Adj. Mex., Berlandier, Gregg, &e.) 

 F. lackif6lia, DC. 1. c, of N. B. Mexico, Berlandier, Palmer, is larger, with oblong and 



more veiny lucid leaves (2 to 4 inches long, on distinct petioles), corymbosely clustered heads 



of twice or thrice the size, &c. ; may occur on the Lower Rio Grande. 



106. ENCELIA, Adans. (Christopher Encel, wrote upon oak-galls.) — 

 Herbs or some under-shrubby (all American, chiefly subtropical) ; with alternate 

 or opposite leaves, commonly with rather showy radiate heads of flowers on 

 naked peduncles ; the rays mostly yellow, occasionally wanting ; the disk yellow 

 or brownish. Chaffy bracts of the receptacle usually soft and mainly scarious. — 

 Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 378. Encelia, Simsia (Pers.), & Armania (Bertero), 

 DC. Prodr., with Gercea, Torr. & Gray, & Barrattia, Gray & Engelm. Neglect- 

 ing the pappus, which is inconstant, the four sections may be reduced to two. 



§ 1. EtrENCiLiA. Akenes densely Iong-ciliate : upper and commonly most of 

 the leaves alternate: petioles naked. — Encelia, Adans. Fam. ii. 128. Pallasia, 

 'L'Her. ex Ait., not L. f. Gercea, Torr. & Gray, &c. 



# Shrubby or lignescent at base, wich herbaceous flowering branches: leaves from ovate to oblong- 

 lanceolate, mostly entire. 



E. MicKOPHf lla, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xv. 37, & xix. 7, of Northern Mexico, makes the 

 nearest approach to Flourensia, and commonly has a biaristellate pappus. 



E. albescens, Gray, 1. c. viii. 658, of Sonora in Mexico, Palmer, appears to be more herba- 

 ceous than the following species ; the akenes less strongly villous on the edges, except next the 

 summit, and the faces pubescent : pappus biaristellate. It may be expected in S. Arizona. 



E. halimif6lia, Cav. Ic. iii. 6, t. 210 (Pallasia grandiftora, Willd. Spec. lii. 2261), from 

 "Nova Hispania," i. e. Mexico, probably from the Pacific side. This resembles E. Californira, 

 and, being described as having green and glabrous leaves and ciliate involucral bracts, is very 

 probably identified in a plant collected on the Xaqni River, Sonora, by Palmer, perhaps not far 

 below the Mexican border of Arizona. It is probably also E. conspersa, Benth. Bot. Snlph., of 

 Lower California. 



