Helianihella. COMPOSITE. 283 



§ 2. Simsia. Akenes naked, at least not strongly ciliate : leaves usually 

 opposite or the upper alternate, broad, usually serrate, sometimes 3-5-lobed, not 

 rarely auriculate-dilated at the insertion : herbs— Simsia, Pers. Barrattia, Gray 

 & Engelm., merely wants the pappus. 



# Eoot annual: petioles all naked at base : some uppermost leaves alternate. 

 B. exaristata, Gray. Stem 2 feet or more high, rather slender, minutely glandular-puber- 

 ulent and sparsely villous-hirsute, naked at summit and bearing loosely paniculate heads • 

 leaves ovate and oblong-ovate, barely serrate, rarely somewhat incised, on narrowly margined 

 petioles: heads half-inch high, rather narrow: bracts of the involucre lanceolate; outer 

 series villous-hirsute, more than half the length of the narrow and granulose-glandular 

 inner ones: rays 4 to 9, not surpassing the disk : akenes very smooth and glabrous through- 

 out, obovate, slightly emarginate at summit, destitute of pappus, or not rarely with two 

 minute vestiges of awns. — Hemsl. Bot. Biol. Centr.-Am. ii. 183, & Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 8. 

 Simsia lagascmformis, Gray, PI. Wright, i. 107, not DC. S. exaristata, Gray, PI. Wright. 

 ii. 87. — Valleys along water-courses, Western Texas to Southern Arizona, Wright, Thurber, 

 Lemman. (Mex. ?) 



* * Eoot perennial, thick and fleshy-tuberous: leaves all opposite, even on the branches, on 

 margined or narrowly winged petioles, these united at base on each side by a fuliaceous append- 

 age, the two often connate into an amplexicaul disk. 



E. calva, Gray. Scabrous-pubescent and often hispidulous : stem 2 or 3 feet high, with 

 opposite branches, terminating in long and naked monocephalous peduncles : leaves deltoid- 

 ovate and subcordate, often hastately 3-lobed, irregularly dentate : involucre hemispherical, 

 half-inch high, hirsute and hispid, outer bracts foliaceous and somewhat squarrose : rays 

 15 to 20, half-inch long : akenes wholly smooth and glabrous, obcordate-oval, without vestige 

 of pappus. — Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 8. Barrattia calva, Gray & Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 

 i. 48. Simsia (Barrattia) calva, Gray, PI. Lindh. ii. 228. — Rocky hills and edges of oak 

 woods, Texas, Lindheimer, Wright, &c. (Adj. Mex., Berlandier.) 



E. subaristata, Gray, 1. c. Too closely like the preceding, sometimes more canescently 

 hispid -. akenes minutely pilose-pubescent, ciliolate toward the summit, bearing two rigid 

 scabro-hispidulous awns, which are half the length of the akene or often reduced to mere 

 rudiments. — Simsia subaristata, Gray, PI. Fend]. 84. — S. W. Texas, Wright, Palmer. 

 (Monterey, Mex., Gregg, &c.) 



107. HELI ANTHfiLL A, Torr. & Gray. (Helianthus with altered ter- 

 mination, the principal species resembling that genus.) — Perennial (N. Amer- 

 ican) herbs, of diverse habit, commonly simple-stemmed and entire-leaved : rays 

 yellow: disk either yellow or purplish-brown. — Fl. ii. 233; Gray, Proc. Am. 

 Acad. xix. 9. 



§ 1. Enceli6psis. Silvery-canescent, scapose, with large heads (disk an inch 

 broad and flat), thick-leaved : chaffy bracts of the receptacle soft and scarious : 

 akenes flat, oblong-cuneate, very villous, with narrow callous margins and summit, 

 the latter bordered between the short subulate awns by a very short fringe of 

 membranaceously confluent squamellae. Anomalous species. 



H. nudicalHis, Gray. Cespitose, with a stout multicipital caudex, densely tomentulose- 

 canescent : leaves all radical and rosulate-tufted, obovate or orbicular, obtuse, an inch or 

 more long, abruptly contracted into a longer margined petiole : scapes naked, nearly a foot 

 high, monocephalous : bracts of the involucre all canescent and lanceolate, numerous in 

 2 or 3 series, equal : rays 20 or more, linear, about inch long : disk-corollas also yellow ; the 

 short ovate teeth hispidulous-pubescent outside : immature akenes 4 lines long, including the 

 short awns, which do not surpass the villosity. — Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 9. Encelia (Geraia) 

 nudicav$.is, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 656. — S. W. Utah, Capt. Bishop. Candelaria, 

 Esmeralda Co., Nevada, Shockley. 



H. argoph^lla, Gray, 1. c. Said to be " 2 or 3 feet high, leafy, with cauline leaves similar 

 to the radical ones " ; these very white with the dense silvery tomentum, rhomboid-obovate 



