Hdenium. COMPOSITE. 349 



+- ■*- Palese of the pappus acuminate, mucronately cuspidate, or awned, the costa commonlv 



manifest: heads with globose disk and semi- or sub-globose receptacle: herbage puberulent. 

 H. Mexicancm, HBK. (H. varium, Schrader), by some said to be perennial, has palese of 

 the pappus from apiculate to aristellate-acuminate. To it may belong Coulter's no. 357 (speci- 

 men too incomplete), ticketed " California," but probably belonging to his Mexican collection. 

 H. puberulum, DC Mostly tall, freely branching, and with long monocephalous pe- 

 duncles : leaves lanceolate or the lower broader, all entire : heads about half-inch in diameter : 

 rays one, trvvo, or sometimes three lines long, equalling or exceeding the small involucre 



rarely obsolete : palese of the pappus ovate, short-awned, not half the length of the corolla. 



Prodr. v. 667 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 385 ; Gray, Bot. Calif, i. 393. H. pubescens, Hook. & Arn. 

 Bot. Beech. 355, not Ait. H. Callfornicum, Link. Ind. Sem. Berol. 1840'? H. decurrens, 

 Vatke, Ind. Sem. Berol. 1875. E. Mexicanum, Gray, Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 107, probably. 

 Cephalophora decurrens, Less, in Linn. vi. 517; DC. Prodr. v. 663. — Moist or wet ground, 

 California, common. 

 H. lacilliatum, Gray. A foot or two high, more cinereous : leaves lanceolate or linear, 

 pinnatifid-dentate or laciniate, or the upper entire : heads 4 or 5 lines in diameter : rays as 

 in the preceding : involucre commonly more conspicuous : palese of the pappus more than 

 half the length of the corolla. — Proc. Am. Acad. ix. 203, & Bot. Calif. 1. c. — S. E. Cali- 

 fornia and adjacent Arizona, Coulter, &c. (Adj. Mex.) 



# # # Root perennial : rays sterile, either neutral or with abortive style and akene : ligules equal- 

 ling or exceeding the globular disk : receptacle ovate : leaves mostly narrowly decurrent on the 

 stem and branches: palese of the pappus aristate-acuminate, hardly half the length of the disk- 

 corolla : heads on short slender peduncles. 



H. nudiflorum, 'Suit. Somewhat puberulent, 1 to 3 feet high, with leafy branches and 

 corymbosely disposed heads : leaves from narrowly lanceolate to oblong, entire, or the radi- 

 cal obovate or spatulate and dentate : rays half to three-fourths inch long, either pure yellow 

 or partly (sometimes wholly) brown-purple, once or twice the length of the brownish or 

 purplish disk : receptacle ovate, in age acutish, but sometimes rounder and very obtuse. — 

 Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. ix. 203, excl. syn. H. parviflorum. H. nudiflorum & H. micranthum, 

 Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c. 384. H. quadridentatum, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 98. 

 H. atropurpureum, Kunth, Ind. Sem. Berol. 1845, 21, purple-rayed state. H. Seminariense, 

 Featherman in Louisiana Univ. Rep. 1871. Leptopoda brachypoda, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 388 ; 

 Curtiss, distrib., a very slender and small-rayed form. — Low ground, N. Carolina and Illi- 

 nois to Arkansas and Texas ; and naturalized eastward. Hybridizes with H. autumnale. 



H. parviflorum, Nutt. 1. c. Glabrate or glabrous, much branched and with scattered 

 small heads: leaves broadly lanceolate, with contracted base, sparingly denticulate, very 

 narrowly decurrent on the branches : disk and rays yellow, the former 3 or 4 lines in di- 

 ameter ; the latter 3 to 5 lines long, styliferous : receptacle short-ovate. — Georgia, Nuttall 

 (a specimen named by him is ticketed Alabama) ; in a swamp near Macon, J. Donnell Smith. 

 Seemingly quite distinct. Simple-stemmed and low specimens with larger heads, Delaware 

 Co.,. Penn., verge rather to H. autumnale. 



# # * # Root perennial: rays fertile and conspicuous: stem or branches more or less winged 

 by the decurrent leaves : receptacle from half to two-thirds spherical : pappus with the palese 

 acuminate-aristate, not rarely somewhat lacerate or with one or two setiform teeth. 



+- Heads corymbose at summit of very leafy stem and branches; the disk globose: leaves mostly 

 serrate or denticulate : flowering late. 



H. autumnale, L. Nearly glabrous or minutely pubescent : stem narrowly winged, 2 to 6 

 feet high : leaves lanceolate to ovate-oblong : heads about half-inch in diameter, usually 

 equalled by the rays : pappns commonly half or two-thirds the length of disk-corolla. — 

 Spec. ii. 866 ; Lam. HI. t. 688 ; Schkuhr, Handb. t. 250 ; Bart. Fl. Am. Sept. t. 26 ; Hook. Bot. 

 Mag. t. 2994 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 384. //. longifolium, Smith in Rees Cycl. H. pumilum, 

 Willd. Enum. Suppl. 60, may be a, common dwarf form. H. pubescens, Ait. Kew. iii. 287. 

 H. canaliculatum, Lam. Jour. Hist. Nat. ii. 213, t. 35, & Ii. tubuliflorurn, DC. Prodr. v. 666, a 

 state with tubulose ligules. H. altissimum & H. commutatum, Jjirik, Ind. Sem. Berol. 1840. 

 H. grandiflorum, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 384, larger-flowered form. H. montanum, 

 Nutt. 1. c. — Wet ground, Canada to Georgia, Texas, and westward to Brit. Columbia and 

 Arizona ; the var. grandiflorum, with rays three-fourths inch long, only in the northwest. 



