364 COMPOSITE. Matricaria. 



cet. 31. — Arctic sea>coast to Alaska and the Hudson Bay country* commonly in a dwarf and 

 monocephalous form with blackish involucre (var. nana, Torr. & Gray, 1. c, Chrysanthemum 

 grandiflorum, Hook., Pyrethrum inodorum, var. nanum, Hook. Fl. 1. c), occasionally wanting 

 the ray, var. e/igulata, Seem. Bot. Herald, 33. The common taller and branching European 

 form is naturalized in some parts of Canada and Maine. (Eu., Asia.) 



§ 2. Akenes more terete, with 3 to 5 slender often unequal or indistinct ribs, 

 the surface commonly developing mucilage when wetted. 



M. Chamomilla, L. Annual, a foot or two high, quite resembling Anthemis Cotula, aromatic : 

 heads 3 lines high, and rays of the same length : bracts of the involucre oblong, fuscous : 

 receptacle ovate-conical or oblong in age : akenes small, with an obscure border and usually 

 no distinct pappus ; the inner face unequally 5-ribbed. — Curt. Fl. Lond. v. t. 63 ; Schk. 

 Handb. t. 253. — Waste grounds, S. New York and New Jersey. (Nat. from Eu.) 



Var. cokonata, Gay, ex Boiss. Akenes of the ray and commonly most of the disk 

 furnished with a conspicuous thin-scarious cleft and toothed and sometimes unilateral pap- 

 pus, not rarely surpassing the tube of the corolla. — M. coronata, Gay in Koch, Fl. Germ, 

 ed. 2, 416. M. Courrantia, DC. 1. c. 72 ; Webb, Phyt. Canar. ii. t. 89. M. pyrethroides, DC. 

 1. c, from Mex. Courrantia chamomilloides, Schultz Bip. in Webb, Phyt. Canar. ii. 278. — 

 Cult, fields, S. Texas, Bigelow. (Adj. Mex.) 



M. discoidea, DC. Annual, somewhat aromatic, glabrous, a span to a foot high, very 

 leafy : leaves 2-3-pinnately dissected into short and narrow linear lobes ! heads all short- 

 peduncled : bracts of the involucre broadly oval, white-scarious with greenish centre, hardly 

 half the length of the well-developed greenish yellow ovoid disk : receptacle high-conical : 

 akenes oblong, somewhat angled, with an obscure coroniform margin at summit, this occa- 

 sionally produced into one or two conspicuous oblique auricles of coriaceous texture. — Prodr. 

 vi. 50; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 413. M. tanacetoides, Fisch. & Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. vii. 52. 

 Santolina suaveolens, Pursh, Fl. ii. 520. Artemisia matricarioides, Less, in Linn. vi. 210. 

 Tanacetum matricarioides, Less. Syn. 265. T. suaveolens, Hook. Fl. i. 327, t. 110. T. puuci- 

 florum, DC. 1. c. 131, not Richards. Cotula matricarioides, Bong. Veg. Sitch. 150. Lepi- 

 dotheca ( Lepidanthus) suaveolens, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. vii. 397. — Open ground, 

 W. California to TJnalaska and Behring Island, east to Montana, and becoming naturalized 

 in the Atlantic States near railroad stations. (N. Asia; nat. in N. Eu.) 



174. CHRYSANTHEMUM, Tourn., L. (Old Greek name, X P vo-dv- 

 Oepov, i.e. golden flower.) — Chrysanthemum & LeuCanthemum, Tourn. Pyre- 

 thrum, Gsertn., &c. — Mostly an Old-World genus, only a small portion of the 

 species with yellow rays : fl. summer. 



C. segetum, L. (Corn-Chrysanthemum or Corn-Marygold of Europe), is a ballast-weed 

 at New York and Philadelphia, and is in fields at Oakland, California. This and C. coro- 

 nArium, L., are genuine Chrysanthemums, annuals, with golden yellow rays as well as disk- 

 flowers, and 3-sided or 3-winged ray-akenes. 



C. Sinense and C. Indicum, L., of China and Japan, are the parents of the autumn-flowering 

 perennial Chrysanthemums of gardens and houses, and form a peculiar section of the genus. 



C. 1 nanum, Hook. Fl. i. 320, is Blennosperma Californicum. 



§ 1. Pyrethrum, Benth. & Hook. Herbaceous or suffruticulose perennials; 



with comparatively large and broad heads, either solitary or loosely corymbose :• 



rays usually conspicuous: akenes all equably 5-10-costate. — Pyrethrum, Gaertn. 



Pyrethrum, Leucanthemum, Plagius, &c, DC. Tanacetum in part, kSchultz Bip. 



* Rays described as yellow, but perhaps white, short : leaves bipinnately dissected into many small 

 linear lobes. 



C. bipinnatum, L. Slender, a span to a foot high from a. creeping rootstock, villous or 

 glabrate, bearing usually a solitary head of half-inch diameter : rays obovate, little sur- 

 passing the merely convex disk : pappus a short crown. — Spec. ii. 890; founded on Gmel. 

 Fl. Sibir. ii. 205, t. 85, f. 1. Pyrethrum bipinnatum, Willd. Spec. iii. 2160 ; DC. Prodr. vi. 60. 

 Tanacetum Kotzebuense, Bess., ex DC. 1. c. 131. T. bipinnatum, Schultz Bip. Tanacet. 48.— 



