Soliva. COMPOSITE. 365 



Cape Espenberg, Arctic Airier., Eschscholtz. Yukon Valley, Alaska, L. .17. Turner, a glabrate 

 form. (E. Asia to Russ. Lapland.) 



# # Rays white, elongated : heads solitary, mostly long-peduncled : leaves undivided or merely 

 pinnatiiid. 



C. Leucanthemum, L. (Ox-eye Daisy, Whiteweeb.) Glabrous, a foot or two high from 

 a creeping base or rootstock, simple or sparingly branched : cauline leaves spatulate, and the 

 upper gradually narrower, becoming small and linear, pinnately dentate or incised, partly 

 clasping at base ; radical broader, petioled : head broad and flat : rays inch long : pappus 

 none. — Fl. Dan. 994; Engl. Bot. 601. Leucanthemum vulgare, Lam. Fl. Fr. ii. 137; DC. 

 Prodr. vi. 46. — Common weed in pastures and meadows through Atlantic States, &c. ; here 

 and there met with in similar situations quite to the Pacific. Occurs occasionally with 

 abortive, deformed, or tubular and laciniate rays. (Nat. from Eu.) 



C. arcticum, L. Nearly or quite glabrous, rather fleshy, a span to a foot high : leaves 

 cuneate, with long tapering base or petiole, crenately toothed or incised at summit, some- 

 times 3-5-lobed ; uppermost small and linear, nearly entire : bracts of the involucre broad, 

 brown-margined : rays nearly inch long : pappus none. — Spec. ii. 889 ; Pursh, Fl. ii. 526 ; 

 Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 33. Leucanthemum arcticum, DC. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 412. — 

 Coasts, Hudson's Bay and arctic shores to Arctic Alaska and islands. (Kamtschatka and 

 Japan to Lapland.) 



C. integrifolium, Richards. Villous when young : stem simple and scapiform from a 

 leafy tufted base, 2 to 4 inches high : leaves linear or slightly spatulate, entire : bracts of in- 

 volucre oblong, blackish : rays less than half-inch long : pappus none. — App. Frankl. Journ. 

 ed. 2, 33 ; Hook, in Parry Voy. & Fl. i. 319, t. 109. Leucanthemum inlegrifolium, DC. 1. c. ; 

 Torr. & Gray, 1. c — Arctic sea-coast; first coll. by Parry and Richardson. (Arctic Asia.) 



* # * Rays white, broad: heads globular-depressed, comparatively small, loosely corymbose- 

 cymose : leaves bipinnately parted or cleft. 



0. Parthenium, Pers. (Feverfew.) Much branched, puberulent, leafy : leaves thin, pin- 

 nately parted, and the oval or oblong divisions pinnatiiid or incised and toothed : rays oval 

 or obovate, 2 or 3 lines long (in cultivation sometimes all the disk-flowers changed into rays) : 

 pappus a minute crown. — Benth. Brit. Flora, ed. 4, 250. Matricaria Parthenium, L. ; Fl. 

 Dan. t. 624. M. odorata, Lam. Pi/rethrum Parthenium, Smith. Leucanthemum Parthenium, 

 Godron ; Gray, Man. Tanacetum Parthenium, Schultz Bip. — Roadsides and waste grounds, 

 sparingly in Atlantic States; escaped from cult. (Nat. from En.) 



§ 2. Gymnocline, Benth. & Hook. (Gymnocline, Cass.). Consists of perennial 

 species, with small and corymbosely disposed rather narrow heads, resembling 

 Achillea except in the naked receptacle, and when discoid or nearly so making 

 transition to Tanacetum. An outlying member of this group is 



C. Balsamita, L., with its rayless or discoid form, var. tanacetoIdes, Boiss. (Costmarv, 

 Mint-Geranium, of the gardens), is beginning to escape to roadsides in a few places. It 

 is known by its sweet-scented herbage, barely serrate oblong leaves, and yellowish flowers ; 

 when the rays appear they are white. (Adv. from Asia.) 



175. SOLlVA, Euiz & Pav. (Dr. Salvador Soliva, of Spain.) —Small 

 and depressed herbs, mostly if not all annuals and S. American ; with mainly 

 alternate and petioled pinnately dissected leaves ; the heads of greenish flowers 

 sessile in the axils or forks. — Prodr. 113, t. 24. Solivcea, Cass. Diet. xxix. 177. 

 GymnostyleS) Juss. Ann. Mus. Par. iv. 258, t. 61. 



S. Sessilis, Ruiz & Pav. Villous, or the leaves glabrate ; these twice divided ; primary 

 divisions 3 to 5, petiolate, parted into 3 to 5 narrow lanceolate lobes : heads depressed : akenes 

 broadly obovate, thin-winged, the wings entire or sometimes panduriform-excised near the 

 base, spinulose-pointed at summit, in some the wings reduced to an acute margin : persistent 

 style long and stout. — Syst. 215 ; DC Prodr. vi. 143. S. daucifolia, Nutt. Trans. Am. 

 Phil. Soc. 1. c. 403 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 425 ; Gray, Bot. Calif, i. 406. Gymnostyles Chi- 

 lensis, Spreng. Syst. iii. 500. — Moist ground, coast of California, from Santa Barbara to 

 Mendocino Co. (Chili, whence probably introduced.) 



