380 COMPOSITE. Raillardella. 



190. RAILLARDELLA, Gray. (Diminutive of Raillardia, an allied 

 Hawaian genus of shrubs.) — Perennial and mostly scapose herbs of the Sierra 

 Nevada, California, intermediate between the Senecionidece and the Helenioidece. 

 Leaves entire, narrow ; cauline alternate or none : head solitary, with yellow 

 flowers; in summer. — Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 550 (§ of Raillardia), & in Benth. 

 & Hook. Gen. ii. 442 ; Bot. Calif, i. 416. 



§ 1. Genuine species, with creeping rootstocks, producing rosulate clusters of 

 spatulate-lanceolate or narrower thickish leaves, and occasionally one or two 

 small ones near the base of the otherwise naked elongated simple scape, which 

 is terminated by the solitary (commonly inch long) head: pappus-bristles 15 to 

 20 or more, conspicuously short-plumose, white : no hirsute pubescence, but invo- 

 lucre and upper part of scape glandular. 



R. argentea, Gray, 1. c. Rootstocks extensively creeping, somewhat lignescent : leaves 

 silvery with a silky tomentum, inch or two long : scape 2 to 4 inches high : head narrow, in 

 depauperate specimens 7-8-flowered, but usually about 15-flowered: no rays. — High Sierra 

 Nevada (9,000 to 11,000 feet) from the San Bernardino Mountains to Lassen, Brewer, 

 Greene, Lemmon, &c. 



R. scaposa, Gray, 1. c. Somewhat pubescent, but no tomentum, glabrate : leaves 1 to 4 

 inches long : scape 4 to 10 inches high : involucre cylindraceous, in depauperate plants 

 10-12-flowered, in others 20-30-flowered : corollas light yellow. — Sierra Nevada above and 

 east of the Yosemite, at 8,000 to 9,000 feet; first coll. by Brewer and Bolander ; the latter 

 found some specimens with incipient rays, connecting with 



Var . Biseni. A small form : heads with 3 or 4 deformed rays. — R. Eiseni, Kellogg 

 in herb. Calif. Acad. — Mountains of King's River, Fresno Co., G. Eisen. 



R. Pringlei, Greene. Rootstock stout and branching : leaves glabrous and smooth, thick- 

 ish, some obscurely denticulate, 3 or 4 inches long, 3 or 4 lines wide : scape 10 to 18 inches 

 high : involucre campanulate, about 40-flowered, of correspondingly numerous and more 

 distinct bracts : flowers orange-yellow, 6 to 10 of them conspicuously radiate : pappus-bristles 

 rather fewer (15 to 18) and rather less plumose than in the foregoing, — Bull. Torr. Club, ix. 

 17. — High mountains of N. California, west of Mount Shasta, Pringle. 



§ 2. Anomalous species, hirsute, leafy-stemmed, perhaps some of the central 

 flowers infertile. 



R. Muirii, Gray. About a foot high, roughish-hirsute, leafy below, sparsely so and bearing 

 stipitate glands toward the summit : leaves inch long, lanceolate-linear, acute, closely sessile ; 

 radical ones unknown : heads terminal and one or two lateral, half-inch high, wholly dis- 

 coid : involucre campanulate, hirsute, its narrow bracts distinct to the base : akenes oblong 

 with tapering base : pappus of 11 or 12 somewhat more aristiform arid rather less plumose 

 bristles than in preceding species. — Bot. Calif, ii. 618. — In the Sierra Nevada, probably 

 southward, but station unknown, Muir. Too little known. 



191. ARNICA, L. (Thought to be a corruption of Ptarmica.) — Peren- 

 nial herbs, of the northern temperate and arctic zones ; with erect stems, either 

 quite simple or branching above, opposite leaves (or upper occasionally alternate), 

 and comparatively large long-pedunculate heads of yellow flowers; the rays 

 usually elongated, rarely wanting. Anthers yellow except in the last species. 

 Fl. summer. — Gaartn. Fr. t. 173; Schkuhr, Handb. t. 248; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 

 ii. 449. 



# Eadical leaves roundish and sessile in an ample rosulate cluster. Atlantic U. S. 



A. nudicaulis, Nutt. Hirsute: stem robust, 1 to 3 feet high, simple and bearing few 



heads, or loosely paniculate with many : leaves denticulate or nearly entire ; radical 2 to 5 



inches long ; cauline only one or two remote pairs up to the inflorescence, small, oval, closely 



sessile: rays half-inch long. — Gen. ii. 164; £11. Sk. ii. 333; DC. Prodr. vi. 318; Torr. & 



