Senecio. COMPOSITE. 389 



uniflosculosus, Gray, Pacif. E. Rep. iv. 111. — Low grounds, common in California; first coll. 

 by Douglas. Connects with S. lugens, var. exaltatus. 



b. Stems low and simple, bearing a solitary or few comparatively large heads : involucre not at all 

 calyculate : leaves entire or merely dentate ; radical and lower ones spatulate to obovatc. Arctic- 

 alpine species, loosely cottony-woolly, tardily glabrate. 



S. Hookeri, Tore. & Gray. Perhaps a, less arctic variety of the next, bearing 3 to 5 

 closely corymbose heads, or a var. of S. campestris of (jhe Old World, but ovaries and akenes 

 glabrous. — PL ii. 438. S. iiitegrifolius, Hook. PI. i. 334, excl. syn. &. campestris, Hook. f. 

 Arct. PL 395, partly. Cineraria integrifolia, Richards. 1. c. — Arctic and Subarctic America 

 and high-northern Rocky Mountains, Richardson, &c. 



S. frigidus, Less. A span or two high, 3-5-leaved, bearing a solitary head, sometimes 

 2 or 3 : leaves spatulate, or the radical rounded-obovate and cauline lanceolate from a broad 

 or narrow sessile base, these sometimes dentate : involucre half-inch high, usually villous 

 with some purplish hairs, especially at the thickened base or summit of the peduncle : rays 

 rather numerous, becoming half-inch long : ovaries and akenes glabrous or sparsely hairy. 



— Less, in Linn. vi. 239 ; Hook. PL i. 334, t. 1 12 ; Torr. & Gray, PL ii. 445. Cineraria frigida, 

 Richards. 1. c; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 126; Herder, 1. c. 124. C. atropurpurea, Ledeb. 

 ex DC, &c. — Newfoundland ? and Labrador, Arctic coast to Kotzebue Sound, &c. (N. E. 

 Asia.) 



c. Stems low, only 2 to 6 inches high, scapiform: leaves clustered on the rootstock or caudex, 

 entire or crenate ; those of the scape few and very small, reduced to mere bracts : involucre 

 slightly calyculate. Rocky Mountain species, chiefly alpine or subalpine. 



1. Leaves linear, not thick : akenes papillose-hirtellous. 

 S. Thurberi, Gray. Leaves densely tufted on the branches of the mnlticipital caudex, 

 about inch long, barely a line wide toward the apex, tapering into a slender base, entire or 

 nearly so, tomentose-canescent, tardily glabrate : scapes glabrate, 4 to 6 inches high, bearing 

 2 to 5 heads; these 4 or 5 lines high: rays 7 to 10, 3 lines long. — Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 

 68. S. canus, var. pygmosus, Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 103. — Mountain-sides, Santa Rita del 

 Cobre, New Mexico, Thurber, Bigelow. 



2. Leaves thick and coriaceous, tapering into a petiole, crowded on the multicipital caudex, nearly 

 veinless, even the midrib obscure : akenes glabrous. 



S. Wernerisefdlius, Gray. Woolly and canescent, tardily glabrate : leaves quite entire, 

 erect or ascending, from spatulate-linear (2 or 3 inches long, including the petiole-like base, 

 by 2 or 3 lines wide) to elongated-oblong (inch long and half -inch wide) and short-petioled, 

 the margins sometimes revolute : scape a span high, rather stout, bearing 2 to 8 heads ; these 

 4 or 5 lines high: rays 10 or 12, oblong, 2 lines long, rarely few or wanting. — Proc. Am. 

 Acad. xix. 54. S. aureus, var. wernerice/olius, Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 68; Porter & 

 Coulter, Fl. Colorad. 81. — Mountains of Colorado, alpine, in coniferous wuods near the 

 upper limit of trees, and in the alpine region, mostly on the upper waters of Clear Creek, 

 Hall & Harbour, Greene, Coulter, &c. 



S. petreeus, Kxatt. Glabrous or early glabrate : leaves from orbicular-obovate or oval 

 (a quarter to half an inch long) to cuneate-oblong (largest inch long), entire or 3-7-crenate- 

 toothed at the broad summit, abruptly petioled : scapes 1 to 3 inches high, bearing solitary 

 or several clustered heads ; these 4 or 5 lines high : rays 6 to 10, golden yellow, 3 lines long. 



— Abhand. Nat. Gesellsch. Halle, xv. (1881). S. aureus, var. alpinus, Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 

 n. ser. xxxiii. 11 ; Porter & Coulter, 1. c. S. aureus, var. borealis, mainly, Gray, Bot. Calif, i. 

 412. — Alpine region of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado (first coll. by Parry), of Utah 

 ( Ward), and highest peaks of the Sierra Nevada, California, Brewer, &c. Approaches the 

 preceding on one hand, and .5'. aureus, var. borealis, on the other. 



3. Leaves round-cordate, crenate, purple-tinged beneath, slender-petioled, more or less clustered at 

 the base of the scape : akenes glabrous : plants very glabrous. 



S. renifolius, Porter. Two inches high from filiform creeping rootstocks : leaves thickish, 

 resembling those of Ranunculus Cymbalaria, rounded-subcordate or reniform, only about 

 half-inch wide, coarsely 5-7-crenate : scape or peduncle little surpassing the leaves, bearing 

 a solitary comparatively large (half-inch long) head: rays about 8, oblong, 4 lines long. — 

 Porter & Coulter, PL Colorad. 83. — High alpine region on Whitehouse Mountain, in Cen- 

 tral Colorado, at 13,000 feet, /. M. Coulter. 



