394 COMPOSITE. Smeeio. 



nopus, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; a form with leaves deeply and 

 even doubly pinnatifid. — Low ground, California, from Santa Barbara southward. (Lower 

 Calif.) 



S. multilobatUS, Torr. & Gray. Early glabrate and smooth, a foot or two high from a 

 winter-annual or biennial root, naked and often branching above, bearing numerous corym- 

 bosely cymose heads : radical and lower cauline leaves lyrate, and the divisions dentate ; 

 upper pinnately parted, their mostly numerous divisions narrowly cuneate, incised or 2-3- 

 lobed at the apex : involucre 3 lines high, nearly or quite naked at base : rays 3 or 4 lines 

 long : akenes slightly hispidulous or glabrate. — PI. Fendl. 109, excl. var. pi. Coulter, which 

 is probably S. Douglasii S. Tampicanus, Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 89, perhaps also i. 109. 

 S. aureus, var. multilohatus, Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. c, partly. — S. Utah, Arizona, and western 

 borders of Texas, Fremont, Wright, Palmer, &c. 



S. I©b4tesr-P EES - (Butter-weed.) Lightly floccose-tomentose when very young, early 

 glabrous, very smooth, soft-succulent or tender : stem fistulous, 1 to 3 feet high, sometimes 

 depauperate and slender, commonly branching, and bearing compound or paniculate cymes : 

 leaves lyrately parted or divided, irregular and variable ; divisions from roundish to cuneate 

 or oblong, obtusely sinuate-lobed or toothed : involucre barely 3 lines high, nearly naked at 

 base: rays 6 to 12 : akenes minutely hispidulous on some of the angles. — Syn. ii. 436; Ell. 

 Sk. ii. 332 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. S. lyratus, Michx. El. ii. 120, not L., &c. S. nla.he.Uus, Pnir. 

 Diet. vii. 102. S. Carolinianus, Spreng. Syst. iii. 559. S. Mississippianus, DC. Prodr. vi. 427. 

 S. densiflorus, Martens, Bull. Acad. Brux. viii. 67. S. Schweinitzianus, Nutt. in Trans. Am. 

 Phil. Soc. vii. 411. S. imparipinnatus, Klatt in Naturf. Gesellsch. Halle, xv. — Wet grounds, 

 in the low country, N. Carolina to Texas, common. (Adj. Mex.) 



# # Indigenous, of northern range : heads obviously radiate : akenes glabrous : pappus elongated. 

 S. palustris, Hook. Loosely woolly or villous with long and many-jointed hairs, in age 

 sometimes glabrate : stem 6 to 20 inches high from an annual or biennial root, leafy, usually 

 stout : leaves broadly lanceolate, from sinuate-dentate to pinnatifid-laciniate, cauline sessile 

 by a cordate or auriculate partly clasping base : heads crowded in a glomerate or corymbi- 

 form cyme, in flower only 4 lines long, and with short light-yellow rays, in fruit with pappus 

 half-inch or more long : involucre naked at base. — El. i. 334 ; DC. Prodr. vi. 363 ; Torr. & 

 Gray, Fl. ii. 438. S. Kalmii, Less, in Linn. vi. 244, not Nutt., which is only a changed name 

 for Cineraria Canadensis, L. Cineraria palustris, L. Spec. ed. 2, 1243-; El. Dan. t. 573; 

 Schkuhr, Handb. t. 246. C. congesta, E. Br. in Parry, Voy., Kichards., &c, only an arctic 

 and woolly condensed form, var. congestus, Hook. 1. c. — Wet ground, N. Wisconsin, Iowa, 

 and Minnesota to the Arctic sea-coast, N. Alaska, &c. (N. Asia, Eu.) 



# # * Naturalized annual weeds from Europe : rays none or minute. 

 S. sylvAticus, L. Slender, glabrate or somewhat pubescent, a span to a foot or more high : 



leaves usually pinnatifid : heads 3 or 4 lines high, narrow, nearly naked at base, bearing a few 



rays with inconspicuous ligule not surpassing the disk: akenes canescent. — Engl. Bot. 



t. 748 ; El. Dan. t. 869. — Waste grounds, of sparing occurrence in Nova Scotia and coast 



of California. (Nat. from. Eu.) 

 S. vulgAris, L. (Groundsel.) Stouter, more branchy and leafy to the top, glabrate : leaves 



incisely pinnatifid, the oblong or roundish lobes and the sinuses sharply toothed : heads 



thicker, 4 or 5 lines high : tips of the involucral bracts and the short calyculate ones at base 



blackish: rays none: akenes canescently puberulent. — Engl. Bot. t. 747 ; El. Dan. t. 513; 



Pursh, El. ii. 528. — Waste grounds and cult, fields, not rare on both the Northern Atlantic 



and Pacific coasts. (Nat. from Eu.) 

 S. visc<5sus, L. Coarser, viscid-pubescent, strong-scented : leaves once or twice pinnatifid : 



heads rather larger, more pedunculate : involucre sparingly and slenderly bracteolate at 



base, its bracts not black-tipped : rays with inconspicuous ligule : akenes glabrous. — Engl. 



Bot. t. 32; El. Dan. t. 1230. — Waste grounds on coast of New England, near Providence 



and Boston. (Nat. from Eu.) 



193. C AC ALIA, L. Indian Plantain. (Ancient Greek name of some 

 Senecioneous plant, perhaps Coltsfoot.) — Perennial herbs, not fleshy (some 

 shrubby in the tropics), natives of America and Asia in the northern hemisphere, 



