Tragopogon. COMPOSITE. 415 



f. 8-10; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 63. — Desert region, W. Nevada, Watson, Shockley. 

 Edge of desert at San Felipe, San Diego Co., California, Parish. 



§ 3. Hemiptilium, Gray, 1. c, xix. 63. Heads 5-flowered, small : receptacle 

 naked : involucre merely calyculate : pappus of 4 to 6 narrow and rigid palese 

 (rather than awns), not longer than the akene, sparsely short-plumose toward the 

 summit, fuscous. — Hemiptilium, Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 105, excl. spec. 



S. Schottii, Gray. Probably annual, with habit of S. paniculata or S. exigua, slender : 

 loosely paniculate, 3 lines long : involucre of 4 or 5 thinnish bracts and 2 or 3 small calycu- 

 late ones : ligules barely 3 lines long : akenes less than 2 lines long, rather narrow, 4-5- 

 angled, tapering very slightly from truncate summit to base, minutely scabrous between the 



smooth angles. — Bot. Calif, i. 427. — Hemiptitium Schottii, Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 1. t. 



Arizona, on the Gila River, Schott. Not since collected. 



214. CH^ETAD^LPHA, Gray. (Xomj, bristles, and dSeA<^, sister, the 

 bristles or awns of pappus as it were 5-adelphous.) — Proc. Am. Acad. ix. 218 ; 

 Rothrock in Wheeler Rep. 182, t. 15. — Single species. 



C. Wheeleri, Ghat, 1. c. Much branched from a perennial root, flexuous and fastigiate, 

 with aspect of Stephanomeria, or more of Lygodesmia, a foot or two high : leaves narrowly 

 linear, entire, uppermost reduced to subulate scales : heads solitary terminating the branch- 

 lets : involucre half-inch and more high, somewhat exceeded by the pappus. — W. Nevada, 

 on the borders of Arizona, Wheeler. Near Pyramid Lake, Lemmon. 



215. RAFINfiSQUIA, Nutt. (Constantine S. Rafinesque Sehmalz, a 

 noted botanist.) — Glabrous and branching slightly succulent and Sonchus-like 

 winter annuals (Californian and New Mexican), leafy ; with pinnatifid leaves, re- 

 duced on the flowering branches to herbaceous bracts : the heads rather large, 

 with showy white or rose-tinged flowers, mostly matutinal. — Nutt. Trans. Am. 

 Phil. Soc. vii. 429 ; Gray, PL Wright, ii. 103, & Bot. Calif, i. 429. 



R. Calif ornica, Nutt. 1. c. Mostly robust, 2 or 3 feet high, paniculately branching, bear- 

 ing numerous heads : leaves oblong (larger 4 to 6 inches long) ; cauline partly clasping : 

 involucre thickened at base (half to three-fourths inch high), of 12 to 15 principal bracts and 

 some spreading calycnlate ones : ligules comparatively short : beak of the akenes very slen- 

 der, as long as the body : pappus dull white. — Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound, t. 34, figure not good. 

 — Moist or shaded ground, common in California toward the coast : a smaller-flowered form 

 in N. W. Arizona, Palmer. 



R. Neo-Mexioana, Gray. A foot or less high, more slender, bearing few but larger and 

 more showy heads and much smaller leaves, the lower of these often runcinate : involucre 

 narrow, more cylindraceous, sometimes inch long, little thickened at base, of fewer bracts : 

 ligules large and conspicuous (half-inch and more long), white or tinged with flesh-color: 

 beak of akene more gradually tapering, therefore stouter, rather shorter than the body : pap- 

 pus bright white, of firmer bristles, the plume somewhat arachnoid. — PI. Wright. 1. c. — 

 Sand-hills, &c., in the desert region, S. E. California to S. Utah and New Mexico on the Rio 

 Grande ; first coll. by Wright. 



216. TRAG-OP6G-ON, Goat's-beard, Salsify. (Tpayos, goat, ir«ry«»', 

 beard.) — Old World biennials or rarely perennials, glabrous ; with long taproot; 

 entire and grass-like nervose leaves clasping at base ; long and stout peduncles 

 commonly thickened and fistulous under the large head ; the flowers yellow or 

 purple, closing at noon or earlier. — Two species sparingly naturalized, one of 

 them cultivated. 



T. porrif6lius, L. (Salsify, Oyster-plant.) Commonly 2 or 3 feet high: peduncle 

 strongly clavate-thickened and fistulous for 2 or 3 inches beneath the head, which becomes 



