426 COMPOSITE. ffieracium. 



Froel. in DC. vii. 218, chiefly. Stenotheca venosa, Monnier, Ess. Hier. 72. — Open pine 

 woods and sandy barrens, Canada and Saskatchewan to Georgia and Kentucky. 

 H. Marianum, Willd. Larger, 2 or 3 feet high, few-several-leaved, pilose-hirsute below, 

 branching at summit into a very open cymose panicle of several or numerous 20-43-flowered 

 heads : leaves obovate-oblong with tapering base ; radical erect or ascending, attenuate below 

 into petioles, rarely at all purplish-veiny : peduncles and pedicels commonly minutely whitish- 

 tomentulose, also usually the base of the involucre, at least when young, and beset with few 

 and sparse or more copious glandular bristles : akenes slender-columnar, with tapering sum- 

 mit when forming, but not so at maturity. — Spec. iii. 1572, partly (& as to syn. H. Marianum, 

 Sua., Pluk. Mant. 102, t. 420, f. 2, whence the name) ; Frccl. in DC. Prodr. vii. 217. H. 

 Gronovii, var. subnudum, in part, & some of H. scabrum, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 447. H. Caro- 

 linianurn, Fries, Symb. Hier. 145, & Epicr. 151. II. Rugelii, Arvet-Touvet, Spicil. Hier. 

 (1881), 11, by the char. — Dry and open woods and clearings, New England to Penn. and 

 Georgia. Various forms almost fill the interval between the preceding and the following 

 species. 



++++++ Heads 40-50-flowered, thickish (and the tumid-campanulate involucre 4 or 5 lines high), 

 on shorter and rather rigid spreading pedicels, and somewhat crowded in a convex or barely 

 flat-topped cyme : no rosulate tuft of radical leaves at flowering time. 



H. scabrum, Michx. Eobust, 2 or 3 feet high, mostly leafy up to the inflorescence, hir- 

 sutely hispid below, glandular-hispid above : whole inflorescence and mostly base of invo- 

 lucre densely beset with dark glandular bristles and with some fine grayish tomentum : 

 leaves obovate to spatulate-oblong, obtuse, denticulate, pubescent or hirsute, sessile by a 

 narrow base : akenes exactly columnar. — Fl. ii. 86 ; Pursh, Fl. ii. 504 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 

 476; Fries, 1. c. //. Marianum, Willd. 1. c, in part (as to one specimen) ; Bigel. Fl. Bost. 

 ed. 2, 288; Ell. Sk. ii. 263. — Dry open woods, Canada to Lake Superior, Missouri, and to 

 Georgia. 



-I— -t— Akenes fusiform or with tapering summit: heads 15-30-flowered, on short and ascending 

 pedicels disposed in a narrow thyrsiform or almost virgate panicle: glandular-bristly hairs on 

 peduncles and cylindraceous involucre either scanty or numerous: radical leaves generally 

 present at flowering time, and destitute of colored veins, oblong-obovate, all more or less long- 

 pilose or setiferous, especially along the midrib beneath. 



H. Gronovii, L. Stem strict, 1 to 3 feet high, leafy (3-12-leaved) below, continued nearly 

 through the virgate or thyrsiform panicle : . pubescence mainly soft-setose, the stronger bristles 

 from papilla; : cauline leaves oval or oblong, closely sessile mostly by a broad base ; lowest 

 and radical obovate or spatulate with attenuate base or short petiole : involucre 3 or 4 lines 

 long, 1 5-20-flowered : akenes fusiform, with gradually tapering beak-like summit : pappus 

 dirty whitish. — Spec. ii. 802, as to pi. Gronov. (excl. remarks and pi. herb., which are of 

 H. venosum) ; Michx. Fl. (var. foliosum) ; Monnier, Ess. Hier. 30 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 677, 

 not of Willd., Froel. in DC, &c. H. Marianum, Fries, Symb. Hier. 147, & Epicr. 152, not 

 Willd., except perhaps in small part. Stenotheca Mariana, Monnier, 1. c. 72 'i S. subnuda, 

 Monnier, 1. c. t. 2, f. 5 ; depauperate form (var. subnudum, Torr. & Gray), with narrow pani- 

 cle reduced to a few heads. H. Gronovii, var. hirsutissimum, Torr. & Gray, 1. c, is the most 

 setose-hirsute form, with narrow panicle a foot or more long : and from that character, either 

 this or the next must be H. Pennsyhanicum, Fries, Symb. Hier. 150, & Epicr. 156; yet the 

 akenes described are like those of H. Marianum, Willd. — Sandy ground, and open dry 

 woods, Canada ? to Florida, Missouri, and Louisiana. 



H. longipilum, Tokr. Stouter, leafy to near the middle of the stem, and with linear- 

 lanceolate or subulate bracts up to the narrow panicle : pubescence mainly setose and most 

 abundant ; the bristles from a small papilla, upright, commonly half-inch to even an inch 

 long, fulvous or rufous, denticulate : leaves spatulate-oblong or upper lanceolate, thickish, 

 the radical commonly present in a tuft at flowering time : involucre 5 or 6 lines long, 20-30- 

 flowered, oblong-campanulate, and with short peduncles more or less tomentulose as well 

 as glandular: akenes fusiform, but much less tapering upward than in the preceding: 

 pappus at maturity fuscous. — Hook. Fl. i. 298 (note) ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 477 ; Fries, 1. c. 

 H. barbaium, Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. vii. 70, & Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 446, not Tausch. 

 — Open woods and prairies, Michigan to Nebraska and Texas. 



Var. spathulatum (Pilosella spathulata, Schultz Bip. in Flora, 1862, conjectured by 

 the author to be a variety of Hieracium scabrum), collected on Tuscarora Mountain, in the 



