Downingia. CAMPANTJLACEiE. 9 



Nevada to Idaho. Large lip of corolla a fourth to half inch long and broad. Capsule 

 often 2 inches long. 



D. pulchella, Torr. Mostly lower or weaker-stemmed : leaves more linear and obtuse : 

 large lip of the corolla deeply 3-lobed ; the other two lobes oblong-ovate : seeds elongated- 

 oblong.— Clintonia pulchella, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1909; Brit. Fl. Gard. ser. 2. t. 412. —Wet 

 banks, California, nearly through the State, and in the borders of N. Nevada and Oregon. 

 Large lip of corolla much broader than long (9 or 10 by 5 or 6 lines) ; all the lobes intense 

 blue ; the large centre mostly white. — Very like the preceding ; both cultivated as orna- 

 mental annuals. 



Order LXXVI. CAMPANULACE^. 



Herbs, with bland milky juice, alternate simple leaves, no stipules, and regular 

 5-merous flowers ; the tube of the calyx adnate to the 2-5-celled many-ovuled 

 ovary ; the corolla and 5 stamens (alternate with its lobes) inserted where the 

 calyx becomes free, or the latter adnate merely to the base of the corolla ; fruit a 

 many-seeded capsule, rarely baccate. Calyx persistent, usually divided down to 

 the ovary. Corolla valvate, induplicate, or rarely imbricate in the bud. Stamens 

 mostly distinct : anthers with 2 parallel cells, introrse. Style one, almost always 

 pubescent or puberulent for some distance below the 2 to 5 introrse stigmas. 

 Ovules anatropous, on placentas projecting from the axis. Seeds small, usually 

 smooth. Embryo straight in the axis of fleshy albumen. Flowers often showy ; 

 the corolla commonly blue or in the same species white, and withering rather than 

 deciduous. In fertilization proterandrous ; the anthers opening in the bud, dis- 

 charging their pollen upon the style, where it accumulates upon the collecting 

 hairs or pubescence ; the stigmas (then firmly conniving) maturing and diverging 

 much later, receiving only pollen conveyed from flower to flower by insects. 



Tribe I. SPHEiTOCLE^E. Corolla imbricated in the bud, bearing the short sta- 

 mens. Style destitute of collecting hairs. Flowers simply spicate, centripetal. 



1. SPHENOCLEA. Flowers all alike. Calyx with 5 roundish lobes ; the short tube ad- 

 nate almost to the depressed summit of the ovary. Corolla short-campanulate, 5-lobed, 

 deciduous, bearing the stamens on the lower part of its tube. Style very short : stigma 

 capitate-2-lobed. Capsule globular and cuneate at base, 2-celled, with stipitate placentae, 

 circumscissile just below the calyx-lobes, which fall with the lid. Seeds very numerous, 

 oblong. 



Tribe II. CAMPANULEiE. Corolla mostly valvate or induplicate in the bud, and 

 stamens free or adnate to its very base. Style below the stigmas clothed with pollen- 

 collecting hairs. Inflorescence mostly centrifugal, sometimes centripetal. 

 # Capsule opening by a perforation at the apex within the calyx. 



3. GITHOPSIS. Flowers all alike and corolliferous. Tube of the calyx club-shaped, 

 strongly 10-ribbed, adnate up to the very summit of the ovary ; limb of 5 long and linear 

 foliaceous lobes. Corolla tubular-campanulate 5-lobed. Filaments short, dilated at the 

 base : anthers long, linear. Ovary 3-celled : stigma 3-lobed. Capsule club-shaped, cori- 

 aceous, crowned with the rigid calyx-lobes of its own length, strongly striate-ribbed, many- 

 seeded, opening when the persistent base of the style falls away by a round hole in its 

 place. Seeds fusiform-oblong. — Annual. 



# # Capsule dehiscent by one or more small valvular openings on the sides, usually over 

 a partition, rarely disposed also to split septicidally. 



3. SPECULARIA. Flowers in Amer. species dimorphous ; the earlier ones smaller, with 

 undeveloped corolla, and close-fertilized in the bud. Calyx-lobes in these flowers com- 

 monly 3 or 4, in the ordinary corolliferous flowers 5, narrow : calyx-tube more or less elon- 

 gated and narrow, usually prismatic. Corolla short and broad, rotate whe'n expanded 

 or nearly so, 5-lobed or 5-parted. Anthers linear. Stigmas and cells of the ovary 3, some- 

 times 2 or 4. Capsule prismatic or elongated obconical, or cylindraceous ; the valvular 

 openings either near the summit or near the middle. — Annuals. 



