Arctostaphjlos. ERICACEAE. 27 



A. lacbifolia, L. f. Suppl. 238, may be Pnmus Caroliniana, but is indeterminable. 



A. i.axceolata, Lam. Diet. i. 227, is possibly the same, but has no valid foundation, having 



been described solely from a sterile branch of some cultivated shrub of uncertain origin. 



A. Aoadiensis, L., founded on a, phrase cited from Tournefort, which cannot be found, is 



wholly obscure. 



A. Menziesii, Pursh. (MadboSa.) Tree 80 to 100 feet high, with trunk a foot or two 

 in diameter iu northern habitats, a shrub in its southern : bark close and smooth by exfoli- 

 ation, turning brownish-red : leaves oval or oblong, entire or serrulate, paler beneath, 3 to 

 5 inches long : spicate racemes minutely pubescent : corolla globular, white : berries dry, 

 somewhat drupaceous, hardly eatable, orange-color. — Hook. Fl. ii. 36 ; Nutt. Sylv. iii. 42, 

 t. 95; Newberry in Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 23, fig. ; Gray, Bot. Calif, i. 452. A. procera, Dougl. 

 Bot. Reg. t. 1753. A. laurifolia, Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxv. t. 07 (small-leaved Mexican form), 

 not L. f. A. Texana, Buckley in Proc. Acad. Philad. Dec. 1861 ; Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 

 U. S. 17, the small-leaved form of Texas and Mexico, possibly distinct, but apparently a 

 mere form of the Pacific species. — Puget Sound and southward through the coast-region 

 of California to Arizona? and W. Texas. (Mex.) 



5. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS, Adans. Bearberry, Manzanita. (Com- 

 posed of aoxrog, a bear, and araq.vh';, grape or berry.) — Shrubs or small trees ; 

 with alternate leaves, and small mostly white or rose-colored flowers, chiefly in 

 racemes, spikes, or panicles, both bracteate and bracteolate. Flowers nearly as in 

 the preceding genus, but less rarely 4-merous, and ovules solitary in the cells, 

 which become bony nutlets or combine into a few-several-celled stone ; the drupes 

 somewhat bitter or astringent, or in Californian species subacid and more or 

 less edible. Leaves in the erect species almost always more or less vertical by a 

 twisting of the petiole. Fl. spring. — Gray in Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 116 ; Benth. & 

 Hook. Gen. ii. 581. 



§ 1. Arctous. Flowers preceding the thin and deciduous leaves: fruit juicy. 



A. alpina, Spreng. Depressed or prostrate and tufted, rising little above the ground, 

 glabrate : leaves obovate with a tapering base, conspicuously rugose-reticulated, ciliate 

 when young : flowers few in a fascicle from a terminal lax-scaly bud : drupe rather large, 

 black, containing 4 or 5 stones. — Syst. ii. 287 ; DC. Prodr. vii. 584. Arbutus alpina, L. ; 

 Fl. Dan. t. 73 ; Engl. Bot. t. 2030. — Arctic America, south to Newfoundland and alpine 

 summits in New England ; also northern Rocky Mountains and Aleutian' Islands. (Arctic- 

 alpine round the Old World.) 



§ 2. UvA-tTRSi. Leaves coriaceous and evergreen, in erect species inclined to be 



vertical, and the bark mahogany-color : drupe smooth, mealy ; its nutlets separate 



or s'eparable, or irregularly coalescent : bracts persistent and usually becoming 



rigid. — Xerobotrys, Nutt. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. viii. 267. Daphnido- 



staphylis, Klotzsch in Linn. xxiv. 80. 



# Depressed-trailing or creeping, green, glabrous or minutely pubescent, no bristly hairs : flowers 

 rather few in simple small clusters, 2 lines long : ovary and reddish fruit glabrous : nutlets 1- 

 nerved on the back. 



A. Uva-ursi, Spreng. (Beareerry.) Leaves oblong-spatulate, refuse, an inch or less 

 long, tapering into a petiole : fruit insipid. — A. officinalis, Wimmer, Koch. Arbutus Uva- 

 ursi, L. Fl. Lapp. t. 6; Bigel. Med. Bot. t. 6. Daph.nidostaphyl.is Fendkriana, Klotzsch in 

 Linn. xxiv. 81. — Rocky or sandy ground, Penn. to New Mexico, N. California, and north 

 to the arctic circle. (Arctic-montane Eu. & Asia.) 



A. Nevadensis. Leaves obovate or oval to lanceolate-spatulate, cuspidate-mucronate, 

 thicker, abruptly petioled : berries subacid. — A. pungens, var. (small Manzanita), Gray, 

 Bot. Calif, i. 453. — Sierra Nevada, California, common at 8-10,000 feet. Rising only a 

 few inches, or at most a foot above the surface of the ground, from rigid procumbent main 

 stems : apparently there are no transitions into A. pungens, which is sometimes found at 

 the same altitudes. 



