CABBAGE., LEAVES CABBAGE MOTH' 175 



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 black dots each of which is surrounded by a faint pale ring. These dots are sym- 

 metrically arranged, and are situated the same as in numerous other larva; of moths, 

 each of the segments of the body having four of them above, placed at the angles of 

 an imaginary square, of which the anterior side is shortest; whilst on each side are 

 four other dots, placed at the angles of an imaginary rhombus, the upper and lower 

 angles of which are very acute. There are numerous dots on the neck, and the head 

 is commonly freckled with a number of dark brown dots. There are sixteen legs, 

 and the two first segments of the abdomen at first glance appear to be furnished with 

 legs also, being bulged on their under sides, so-as to touch the surface on which the 

 "Worm stands. 



The CHRYSALIS or pupa is one-fourth of an inch long by 0.05 in v^idth. It is com- 

 monly of a white color, with large deep.black eyes situated inside of the base of the 

 antennte sheaths. Quite frequently the white color is varied 

 with nmber-brown stripes, whereof there is one on each side of 

 the back, with a very slender brown line between upon the mid- 

 dle of the back. The wing sheath is brown on the upper margin, with abrown stripe 

 in the middle and a more slender one inside of it, parallel to each other, and both 

 running into the marginal stripe, this last being prolonged upon the abdominal seg- 

 ments to the tip. The sheaths of the antennte and of the legs are also brown. These 

 brown stripes remain upon the pupa skin after the moth has been hatched from it, 

 but the black color of the eyes then disappears. 



The winged moth measures 0.30 in length to the tips of the closed wings, and these 

 when expanded measure 0.58. It Is'of an ash gray color. The fore wings are 

 freckled with black dots on the disk and apex and have a, common white stripe on 

 their inner margin reaching to the hind angle, which stripe is wavy upon its inner 

 edge and near the middle of the wing is bordered by a dark brown streak ; the fringe 

 of these wings 'is traversed by one or more blackish lines which are parallel with the 

 margin. The hind wings and also the under sides of both pairs are leaden brown, 

 glossy, and without any spots or dots. The antenn® and the under side of the abdo- 

 men are white. This moth is somewhat variable in the depth of its color, being fre- 

 quently dark gray, and the stripe on its wings is not always pure white and distinct. 



Facts so far as observed indicate that when this aind its Irin- 

 dred species are favored with unusually dry weather at the date 

 of their appearance in the larva state, the species, suddenly be- 

 comes excessively multiplied, overrunning partieulair sections of 

 country like an invading' army. When I observed this cabbage 

 worm a drouth was prevailing through northern Illinois, that was 

 said to be without a parallel since its settlement. And hence we 

 infer that thoroughly shov/ering the vegetation which is attacked, 

 with water, will be found a most effectual remedy for the expul- 

 sion of the worms of this group. With the cabbage moth this 

 measure can easily be resorted to, a common watering pot being 

 the only apparatus which is required. 



