INTRODUCTION. 47 



A short, suppressed, and painful cough is seen in inflammations 

 of the serous membranes of the chest. 



What symptoms are furnished by the secretions and 

 excretions ? 



These are often very beneficial in aiding ns to diagnose and 

 prognose. They may be increased, diminished, or otherwise altered. 



We should inquire about the condition of the bowels and blad- 

 der as regards their evacuation. Note the color (dark, bloody, 

 etc.), the consistency (thick or thin), the reaction, odor, and density ; 

 then, again, if passed frequently and in small quantities, and if 

 painful. 



In regard to the bowels, the odor, color, shape (consistency, 

 quantity, and the number of times). 



Very much information may be derived by knowing the con- 

 dition of the various secretions. If the secretions are diminished, 

 the animal is unable to digest his food properly. 



What does the rise of temperature denote, and what is 

 the normal temperature ? 



In the horse, the average normal temperature is 100° Fahren- 

 heit when taken per rectum ; above that is an indication of fever. 



The temperature is very important, and it should be taken 

 twice a day, and at about the same time each day, as the tempera- 

 ture varies at different times of the day. 



What temperature denotes a fever ? 



A temperature rising one degree above the normal indicates 

 fever ; from 101° to 103° denotes a simple or slight fever ; from 

 103° to 104° a decided fever; from 104° to 106° a high fever; and 

 when above 106^° it denotes danger. 



TABLE OF THEKMOMETKIC EQUIVALENTS. 



To convert degrees Fahrenheit into degrees Centigrade, use 

 the following : 



, OF , = 5(^-32). 



To convert degrees Centigrade into degrees Fahrenheit, use 

 the following : 



z° C. = ^- + 32. 

 5 



