INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 83 



susceptible than is the horse ; other animals, as the goat, the guinea- 

 pig, the rabbit, the dog, the sheep, the pig, are those which may- 

 be inoculated. 



The bacilli are carried by means of watering troughs, harness, 

 especially the bit, bedding, manure, curry combs, pails, stables, 

 horseshoeing shops, boats, trains, etc., as well as by direct contact 

 with the diseased animal. 



CHRONIC GLANDERS. 



What are the symptoms of chronic glanders ? 



Chronic glanders may come on insidiously or may be shown 

 by constitutional symptoms, which gradually subside as the lesions 

 present themselves. 



This is the most common form, and is characterized by ulcer- 

 ation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. At first there 

 is a reddened spot, which soon becomes elevated, a pustule is 

 formed, which ruptures and leaves an irregular-shaped ulcer, com- 

 monly called a chancre; the ulcer has everted edges, which are 

 thickened, reddened, and form a ring around the ulcer. 



The ulcers are apt to spread, becoming confluent, and in some 

 cases perforating the septum ; a favorite seat for these ulcers is in 

 the false nostrils. 



Another important symptom is the swelling of the intermaxil- 

 lary glands. They have a characteristic feel, being indurated, ad- 

 herent to the jawbone, bossolated, and are non-painful. The swell- 

 ing is usually unilateral, although it may be bilateral. These 

 glands show no tendency to suppurate in the majority of cases; 

 some few may break down and discharge a thin, oily, sticky fluid. 



The character of the discharge from the nostril should not be 

 lost sight of ; it is of a greenish-yellow color, sticky, at times bloody, 

 is non-odorless, except when admixed with dead material, and often 

 adhering to the external edges of the nostril. 



Tell the general symptoms of chronic glanders. 



The animals do not seem to do well ; their appetite is variable, 

 they lose flesh, staring coat, rise in temperature a degree or two, 

 they sweat more readily, become fatigued, at times show shifting 

 lameness, discharge from nose is bloody in some cases, cough, 

 cedematous swellings may be present, and the mucous membranes 

 are often of a slate color. 



