128 PEACTICE OP EQUINE MEDICINE. 



Define epistaxis. 



It comes from the two words, epi, signifying "upon," and 

 stazo, " I drop." It is a symptom of some affection characterized 

 by bleeding from the nose. 



Give the aetiology and the symptoms. 



On account of vascularity the mucous membrane of the nose is 

 very prone to bleed. It is met with in hot weather, where the 

 animal has been overdriven or overworked in the hot sun. The 

 bleeding takes place from the nose on account of the congestion. 

 The congestion may take place in the lungs or in the mucous 

 membrane of the nose. When the blood comes from the mucous 

 membrane of the nose, it is clear and flows in a stream, or drop by 

 drop. When it comes from the lungs, it is frothy on account of being 

 admixed with air. 



Injuries, foreign bodies in the nasal cavity, knife of the sur- 

 geon, ulcerations or the action of micro-organisms. It is often the 

 first symptom of glanders, and very frequently aids us in the 

 diagnosis of that disease. Depressed condition of the system. 



It may also be associated with strangles, purpura hsemor- 

 rhagica, leueoeythsemia, hasmophilia. 



What is the treatment ? 



The main principle of treatment is to keep the animal quiet; 

 remove cause, apply ice to the face, blow tannin and the like up 

 the nostrils. Five to ten per cent, solution chloride of iron or 

 a solution of alum. 



It may be necessary to plug up the nostrils — that is, to resort 

 to pressure or the actual cautery. 



Internally, iron, ergot, belladonna, tannin, pyrogallic acid, 

 etc., according to the complications. 



3. DISEASES OF THE LARYNX. 



LAEYNGITIS. 



What are the synonyms? 



Sore throat. 



What are the forms of laryngitis ? 



Acute and chronic; some add the subacute. 



