144 PRACTICE OP EQUINE MEDICINE. 



What is the prognosis ? 



The prognosis is grave, these cases usually terminating in 

 death. 



Give the indications for treatment. 



Look after the primary disease. Stimulants are indicated, as 

 are diuretics. Act on the bowels in some cases. Counter-irritation 

 may be of service. Iodide of potassium or the carbonate of potas- 

 sium can be used in most cases. 



BRONCHO-PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE. 



Give the synonyms. 



Pulmonary apoplexy, pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumorrhagia, 

 haemoptysis, bronchorrhagia. 



Define these various terms. 



The blood may come either from the bronchial mucous mem- 

 brane or from the air-cells and lung tissue, or both, and hence the 

 terms. 



Pulmonary apoplexy, or pneumorrhagia, is an effusion of blood 

 into the air-cells and interstitial tissue. 



Hcemoptysis is really a spitting of blood which comes from 

 the bronchial mucous membrane (bronchorrhagia). 



Give the causation. 



Pulmonary hemorrhage may occur without any obvious cause ; 

 it may occur in heart diseases, where the valves are affected ; it may 

 be associated with infectious diseases, ulceration of the larynx, 

 trachea, with glanders, purpura haemorrhagica, gangrene, or me- 

 chanical injuries. It may be due to aneurism, thrombus, embolus. 



The infarctions in the lungs are wedge-shape, with the base 

 situated at the surface of the lung and the apex toward the centre. 



Give the symptoms. 



Of pulmonary hemorrhage, the symptoms are often uncertain. 



If the part involved is large, there may be signs of consolida- 

 tion associated with blowing respiration. Auscultation may show 

 large bubbling rales. 



The animal may become nervous, restless, cough, sweat freely, 

 and show varying symptoms of hemorrhage; if it becomes pro- 



