146 PRACTICE OF EQUINE MEDICINE. 



PNEUMONIA. 



What is the synonym ? 



Lung fever. 



Give the forms. 



(1) Lobar, where the lobes of the lungs are affected; (2) lob- 

 ular, where the lobules of the lungs are the seat; (3) intersti- 

 tial, where the connective tissue is involved. 



ACUTE LOBAR PNEUMONIA. 



Give the synonyms. 



Croupous pneumonia; fibrinous pneumonia; pulmonitis; pneu- 

 monitis; commonly called lung fever. 



The term " pneumonia " alone is usually used to indicate this 

 form. 



Define acute lobar pneumonia. 



It is an acute, general, infectious disease, characterized by a 

 local inflammation of the vesicular structures of the lungs, with 

 an exudation into their alveoli which renders them impermeable 

 to air, together with a general systemic disturbance of varying in- 

 tensity produced by toxines. 



What is the aetiology ? 



It is said to be caused by germs — by the micrococcus lanceola- 

 tus, diplococcus pneumonia, pneumococcus. 



This form of pneumonia is seen among young and vigorous 

 animals — those that are well nourished, apparently in good health 

 and in active use. 



Changes in the temperature, irritating gases, when breathed; 

 also, mechanical bodies in the bronchial tubes or medicines poured 

 into the trachea favor its development; also external burns over 

 a large space; traumatisms (horses run into with a pole or shaft, 

 which strikes between the ribs); in other cases no cause can be 

 attributed. In man, one attack predisposes another, but it does 

 not seem to be the rule in our animals. 



What is the morbid anatomy ? 



For study, pneumonia has been divided into three stages: 

 (1) The stage of congestion, (2) the stage of red hepatization, 

 (3) the stage of gray hepatization. 



