DISEASES OE THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. 155 



respirations become accelerated; a cough, which is short and pain- 

 ful, is present; the disease is usually slow in its course, and may 

 result in pulmonary emphysema or in death, either from oedema or 

 an extension of the processes. 



How is the diagnosis made? 



There is, on percussion, dullness in patches over hoth lungs 

 (bilateral disease). 



This condition is principally seen in the horse on post mortem. 



Give the indications for treatment. 



Tonics and stimulants are useful, not forgetting to watch the 

 heart. Give alcohol, digitalis, chloride of ammonium, etc. 

 Treat as the symptoms require. 



CHKONTC INTEESTITIAL PNEUMONIA. 



What are the synonyms? 



Cirrhosis of the lung; chronic pneumonia. 



Give the definition. 



This is a chronic inflammation of the connective tissue of the 

 lungs, characterized by an increase of this tissue, which compresses 

 the tissue proper and interferes with its normal functions. 



What is the pathology? 



This is more frequently seen m cattle than in the equine race; 

 when seen, it is usually unilateral, the affected side being somewhat 

 sunken. 



If the chest cavity be opened, the heart will be found drawn 

 toward the affected side; the lung not affected becomes emphy- 

 sematous and enlarged. 



Give the aetiology. 



It may follow acute pneumonia, or pleurisy with effusion, 

 which causes compression of the lung. 



It may follow chronic bronchitis, with dilatation or emphysema. 



What are the symptoms? 



These vary according to the complication. 

 After the symptoms of pneumonia, etc., have subsided, dul- 

 ness on percussion remains ; there is a loss of the respiratory mur- 



