166 PRACTICE OP EQUINE MEDICINE. 



animals. It may occur from injuries to the chest cavity involving 

 the pleura. 



HYDKOTHOKAX. 



What is understood by hydrothorax ? 



This may be denned to be water or serum in the pleural cavity. 



It is somewhat rare in equines, it being more frequent in the 

 sheep and the dog; it is a non-febrile disease, with about the same 

 physical signs as in the second stage of pleurisy. 



Dyspnoea is the principal symptom. 



What is the treatment? 



Build up the system. Give diuretics, diaphoretics, and absorb- 

 ents. Stimulants may be indicated. 

 Locally, blisters may be beneficial. 



PNETJMOTHOKAX. 



Give the definition and causes of pneumothorax. 



It is an accumulation of air in the pleural cavity, due, usually, 

 to penetrating wound — broken rib or abscess breaking internally 

 and externally. 



Where gangrene of the lungs takes place, or where air-cells 

 rupture in pulmonary emphysema, these cases are diagnosed by 

 aspiration. 



Dyspnoea, temperature low, and signs of collapse. 



What is pneumo-hydrothorax ? 



This is a condition with air or gas and liqitid in thoracic 

 cavity. 



Define pyo-pneumo-hydrothorax. 



This is a condition with pus, air, and liquid in pleural cavity. 



What is meant by hxmato-pneumothorax ? 



Thin is a condition with Hood and air in thoracic cavity. 



What is understood by the term pneumo-nokoniosis ? 



This is a term used to denote diseases of the lungs due to the 

 inhalation of particles of dust, causing a discoloration of the lungs. 



Horses used near mines breathe in coal-dust, or stone-dust, or 

 metallic dust. 



