DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. 189 



ing, anxious expression, dilated pupils, the mucous membranes 

 are dark in color or contain mahogany or saffron-colored spots. 



What is the prognosis? 



Always be guarded; the prognosis varies with the cause. 



Give the indications for treatment. 



First relieve the pain, and then act on the confined bowels. 



To relieve the pain, anodynes, sedatives or stimulants; opium 

 or morphine, chloral, chloroform (well diluted), ether, belladonna, 

 cannabis indica, ginger, camphor. 



To act on the confined bowels, give oils, aloes (in some cases) ; 

 eserine and pilocarpine hypodermically or intravenously, or barium 

 chloride intravenously. 



Enemas of soap-suds, salt, glycerine. 



TYMPANITIC COLIC. 

 Give the synonyms. 



Tympanites; flatulent colic; wind colic; gaseous colic. 



Define flatulent colic. 



By this is understood colic due to the accumulation of gas 

 in the stomach and intestines, characterized by swelling of the 

 abdomen, more or less pain, and in some cases eructations of gas 

 from the mouth and the passage of flatus from the anus. 



Give the aetiology. 



Gaseous colic is seen mostly during the hot or changeable sea- 

 sons, due to the change of food, green food, etc. ; the food ferments 

 in the stomach and bowels, causing gases to form. 



A lack of sufficient quantities of the digestive juices may be 

 a cause. Wind-suckers are prone to this form of colic. 



Bacterial ferments product of gases. 



What are the symptoms ? 



The colicky pains may or may not be severe; in some cases 

 there is a gradual accumulation of gas, the abdomen being dis- 

 tended to a considerable size before the animal shows signs of 

 distress. In these cases the gas accumulates mostly in the large 

 intestines, principally the caecum — the swelling in these cases be- 

 ing most prominent on the right (off) side. In other cases, the 

 gas is in the stomach and small intestines, causing an arching of 

 the neck and attempts at vomiting (in some cases actual vomiting). 



