190 PRACTICE OF EQUINE MEDICINE. 



Other symptoms are uneasiness, pawing, rolling, passage of 

 gas from the anus, dyspnoea. 



How is the diagnosis made ? 



By the drum-like swelling of the abdomen, by symptoms of 

 pain, and on auscultation borborygmi. 



Give the prognosis. 



Should be guarded; most cases recover. The dangers are: a 

 rupture of the stomach, diaphragm, or intestines; also carbon 

 dioxide poisoning, due to pressure; pulmonary oedema or apoplexy. 



What is the treatment ? 



Get rid of the gas present, and cheek its formation. 



Internal antiseptics are the drugs indicated in these cases to 

 stop the formation of the gases. 



Chloral hydrate is antiseptic; relieves the pain and aids in 

 the expulsion of the gases; chloride of lime and charcoal are good; 

 the hyposulphite of soda, sodium bicarbonate, bismuth, ginger. 



Purgatives are often indicated and can be assisted by enemas 

 of glycerine, soap-suds, or a stimulating enema containing tur- 

 pentine. 



Massage to the abdomen or puncturing the caecum with a 

 trocar and canula on the right side in the most prominent spot 

 between the angle of the ilium and the last rib. In some cases on 

 the left side. 



The dangers of puncturing are abscesses, hemorrhage, peri- 

 tonitis. 



COLICS DUE TO AN ALTEKED KELATION OF THE 

 INTESTINES. 



INVAGINATION", INTUSSUSCEPTION, VOLVULUS. 



What is invagination ? 



By this is meant the condition existing where one portion 

 of the intestines slips into another; three layers are thus present 

 in the retained part. 



Define volvulus. 



This is a twisting of the gut (a rotation of the organ upon its 

 axis) or a bending of a portion of the intestines, causing a stoppage 

 of the canal. 



