192 PRACTICE OF EQUINE MEDICINE. 



What is meant by typhlitis? 



By this term is meant an inflammation of the caecum. 



Define colitis. 



Colitis is an inflammation of the colon. 



What word signifies an inflammation of the rectum ? 



Proctitis. 



Give the morbid anatomy of enteritis. 



The mucous membrane alone may not only be involved, but it 

 may extend to the muscular coat, thus preventing the forcing of 

 the food along the intestines, which become paralyzed or partially 

 so. On post mortem signs of peritonitis are most always present. 



The mucous membrane is reddened in patches, as a rule, thick- 

 ened, softened, and often ulcerated. 



This is not a very common disease, and it takes some time for 

 it to develop. 



What is the aetiology ? 



It may be caused by irritants — poisons, alkalies, or acids; it 

 may follow hernia, castration, liver trouble, embolism, aneurism, 

 colics which are not relieved, especially if they be due to con- 

 stipation, also by bacteria, toxins, cryptograms. 



What are the symptoms ? 



This is a febrile disease, the temperature during the congestive 

 stage may rise to 104° or 105° F., but as soon as the exudation 

 is thrown out it reduces and varies from 103° to 103f° F., and 

 stays about this way until death approaches, when the temperature 

 again rises. 



The puke in enteritis is small, weak, and compressible, and 

 very rapid. 



The respirations are accelerated and thoracic. 



The mucous membranes are highly injected, the mouth is 

 clammy and hot, there is a bad odor to the breath, a frothy dis- 

 charge of saliva, which has a sour smell. 



There is intestinal pain and often some tympanites. The pain 

 is constant in enteritis, the animal keeps walking around in a circle, 

 stops at times, paws a little, and may possibly lie down once in a 

 while; he usually makes several attempts to lie down, and when 

 he does go down does so very carefully. They try to get on their 



