DISEASES OF THE URINARY SYSTEM. 207 



phanthus. Potassium iodide may also be of service, especially if 

 dropsy be present. 



If anaemia is present give iron, tonics, etc., to build up the 

 system. 



If the animal be uneasy, bromides, chloral hydrate, or opium 

 may be of service. 



CHRONIC NEPHEITIS. 



What are the forms? 



There are two forms — chronic parenchymatous nephritis and 

 chronic interstitial nephritis. The former is not very common and 

 not so important as the latter. 



CHEONIC INTEESTITIAL NEPHEITIS. 



What are the synonyms? 



Contracted kidney; cirrhosis of the kidney; granular kidney. 



Define the same. 



This is a chronic inflammation of the connective tissue of the 

 kidney, causing pressure on the secreting structures of that organ 

 with an impairment of function. 



Give the causes. 



It is rare in the horse. It may be caused by continued ex- 

 posures, overwork, or abuse; a highly nervous temperament is pre- 

 disposing. Continued elimination of microbes and toxines by the 

 kidneys. 



What is the morbid anatomy ? 



The kidneys are small, the capsule thickened and adherent, 

 and in stripping it off, portions of the substance of the kidney 

 are removed. 



On section, the organ is tough, the cortical substance very 

 thin, the Malphigian bodies and the tubal structures atrophy from 

 the overproduction of connective tissue which presses on these 

 structures. 



What symptoms may be shown ? 



The symptoms are vague in the horse. The urine is increased 

 in amount, is a clear yellow, does not contain sediment, and the 

 solid constituents of the urine are diminished. 



