228 PRACTICE OF EQUINE MEDICINE. 



What is understood by sopor ? 



Sopor is a moderate coma, or a semi-comatose condition. 



How does coma differ from sleep? 



Sleep is a physiological condition, necessary to the body as a 

 whole, while coma is a pathological condition not benefiting the 

 system, and therefore not a substitute for sleep. 



Give the causes of coma. 



It is a symptom of certain brain diseases, and in many cases 

 is due to a want of the oxygen supply to the brain substance. 



It may be seen in certain of the so-called neuroses, as epilepsy, 

 etc.; also in certain diseases outside of the nervous system proper, 

 as diseases of the kidneys, the liver, as well as some of the general 

 diseases and certain febrile affections. 



This condition may be produced by the use of certain drugs, 

 as chloroform, alcohol, opium, etc. ; also probably by toxins. 



What should be done in these cases? 



Look for the affection producing this symptom and treat it. 

 When the real cause cannot be ascertained, a stimulating treat- 

 ment is usually required, followed by nerve tonics. 



PAROXYSMAL VEETIGO. 



What are the synonyms ? 



Staggers; blind staggers; dizziness; vertigo; nerve storms. 



Give the definition. 



Vertigo literally means a turning around, and may be defined to 

 be a functional affection characterized by a sense of defective 

 equilibrium with or without change of position. 



What are the causes ? 



Among horses this condition often occurs periodically, the 

 animal in these cases being termed " fitty " ; in other cases the ani- 

 mal may have an attack, and never have another. 



These attacks may be caused by some affection of the brain 

 and spinal cord or of the eyes; then, again, climatic influences, as 

 prolonged heat, dark, damp, and hot stables. 



It is seen in plethoric horses, especially when not exercised suffi- 

 ciently, or horses used in brick-yards, where they travel in a circle; 

 being aboard boats or cars. 



