242 PRACTICE OF EQUINE MEDICINE. 



azoturia, spinal meningitis, osteoporosis, sunstroke, fractures, cere- 

 brospinal meningitis, or in other cases the animal may be a so- 

 called malingerer. 



Define paralysis. 



Paralysis (akinesis) may be defined to be a condition charac- 

 terized by a loss of voluntary or involuntary muscular movements 

 owing to defective innervation. 



What is hemiplegia? 



This is a form of paralysis characterized by a loss of power of 

 many of the muscles of one-half of the body. 



What is meant by crossed hemiplegia? 



Crossed hemiplegia is that form of paralysis characterized by 

 a loss of power of the muscles of one side of the body and those 

 of the face of the opposite side. 



What do you understand by spinal hemiplegia? 



Spinal hemiplegia is that form of paralysis characterized by 

 a loss of muscular power of one side of the body, the muscles about 

 the head being normal. 



Paraplegia signifies what? 



By paraplegia is meant a loss of voluntary power of one 

 transverse half of the body, the caudal portion being usually the 

 part involved. When the other half is the seat it is called cervical 

 paraplegia. 



What is monoplegia? 



It is a local or circumscribed paralysis affecting one extremity 

 or one group of muscles. 



Define myelitis. 



It is an inflammation of the substance of the cord itself, char- 

 acterized by a loss of reflexes and a paralysis of the rectum, blad- 

 der, and posterior extremities. 



What is apoplexy of the spinal cord ? 



This is a sudden hemorrhage into the substance of the cord 

 and characterized by spasms of muscles or paralysis and sometimes 

 by hematuria. 



Define polio-myelitis. 



It is an inflammation of the large ganglion-cells of the ante- 

 rior horns of gray matter of the cord which control nutrition as 

 well as motion of the parts to which the nerves are sent. 



