370 POULTRY CULTURE 



case of the Hamburg, to find the true relation to fowls of similar 

 body type we must go to kindred and earlier forms. As has been 

 shown, the Hamburg races are allied to the Leghorns on the one 

 side, and on the other side are undoubtedly akin to the crested 

 Polish type. Among the progenitors of the modern Hamburgs 

 crests and feathered legs were not unknown ; the Polish of three 

 hundred years ago (as shown by paintings of the time) had crests, 

 beards, and sometimes quite heavily feathered legs. Indications 

 (not sure but none the less significant) point to a movement 

 of ancestors of this type from central Asia by a northerly route 

 through Siberia, Russia, and Poland to Germany, France, England, 

 and America. This will be brought out in the special descriptions. 

 Considering large combs (large flesh or skin developments) and 

 large crests (large feather developments) as racial characters, it 

 should be noted that they are not essentially distinct characters, 

 but different developments of the same part, and that while great 

 development in one direction is not compatible with great develop- 

 ment in the other, more moderately developed combs, crests, and 

 beards may be equally prominent features of the same head. 



While there are some slight indications that the rose comb may 

 have come directly from the single com"b before or shortly after 

 the importation of fowls into southeastern Europe, and that the rose 

 type was preserved by preference in a considerable part of the poultry 

 in a strip between that occupied by the single-combed type on the 

 south and that traversed and in part occupied by the crested type 

 on the north, on a general view of the types and from what can be 

 learned of their development it seems at least as probable that 

 rose combs came occasionally from the mingling of the single- 

 combed and crested types, — not necessarily from a direct cross, 

 but from some combination. For centuries the races have been in 

 contact in central and western Europe. The crested type reached 

 northern Italy and was established in one locality there, but on 

 the whole found little favor along the Mediterranean ; but from 

 Germany west the country was a veritable melting pot of the 

 southern and northern races. 



Campincs. A small, active race of fowls, which has been for 

 centuries the common stock of the Campine country in Belgium, 

 has been given the name of that district. It is thought by some 



