372 POULTRY CULTURE 



introduced was in other respects very like the little half-wild mon- 

 grels which constituted the mass of American native stock prior 

 to the introduction and development of improved stocks. Within 

 a few years there has been a marked revival of interest in the Sil- 

 ver Campine in America, due to the introduction of stock much 

 larger than that of the early importations. This stock is really an 

 English type of the Campine, bearing the same relation to the 

 Belgian type as the English-type Leghorns and Minorcas do to 

 the lighter-weight American types of those breeds. The color, too, 

 has been slightly changed. The males of the first stock brought 

 to this country had saddle feathers of the same colors as their 

 hackles. 



Friesland fowls. In Holland there has existed for centuries a 

 race called Friesland, which is evidently closely allied to the Cam- 

 pine. The leading color varieties are the same, but in addition the 

 Friesland has yellow-penciled (yellow and white), white, black, and 

 cuckoo varieties. Rose-combed fowls of this race were developed 

 as a separate breed with the name " Hollanders," and are believed 

 to have been used for foundation stock in making the penciled 

 varieties of the modern Hamburg. 



Hambnrgs, as known in England and America, are usually small, 

 rose-combed fowls of the laying type, with gray skin and clean, 

 slate-colored legs. The rose comb on the small laying type is the 

 basis of formation of the group. Although in the American Stand- 

 ard the shape is described in the same terms for the six varieties, 

 — Golden-Spangled, Silver-Spangled, Golden-Penciled, Silver-Pen- 

 ciled, Black, and White, — some of these varieties differ typically 

 in shape, as would be expected in birds of the same general t)-pe 

 but different ancestry. The name " Hamburg " was given in Eng- 

 land about the middle of the last century to all the then-known 

 rose-combed varieties of fowls of this body type. This name is said 

 to have been selected because Hamburg was the chief port from 

 which fowls of this type were imported. This report of its chris- 

 tening does not accord with commonly accepted English accounts 

 (to be noted shortly) of the origin of the breed, particularly of the 

 Spangled and Black varieties. 



Penciled Haniburgs (Golden and Silver) were apparently de- 

 rived from the same stock as the Campine and Friesland fowls. 



