MODERN EVOLUTION. 



195 



terday, that in which Progress essentially consists, 

 is the transformation of the homogeneous into the 

 heterogeneous " (Essays, vol. i, 1883, p. 30). 



To this may fitly follow the " succinct statement 

 of the cardinal principles developed in the successive 

 works," which Mr. Spencer, as named above, pre- 

 pared for Professor Youmans. 



1. Throughout the universe in general and in 

 detail there is an unceasing redistribution of matter 

 and motion. 



2. This redistribution constitutes evolution when 

 there is a predominant integration of matter and 

 dissipation of motion, and constitutes dissolution 

 when there is a predominant absorption of motion 

 and disintegration of matter. 



3. Evolution is simple when the process of in- 

 tegration, or the formation of a coherent aggregate, 

 proceeds uncomplicated by other processes. 



4. Evolution is compound, when along with this 

 primary change from an incoherent to a coherent 

 state, there go on secondary changes due to differ- 

 ences in the circumstances of the different parts of 

 the aggregate. 



5. These secondary changes constitute a trans- 

 formation of the homogeneous into the hetero- 

 geneous — a transformation which, like the first, is 

 exhibited in the universe as a whole and in all (or 

 nearly all) its details; in the aggregate of stars and 

 nebulir; in the planetary system; in the earth as an 

 inorganic mass; in each organism, vegetal or ani- 



