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PIONEERS OF EVOLUTION. 



these things actually happened; and he therefore 

 concludes that the dead who came to him or to 

 whom he went in his dreams, are alive; that the 

 friend or foe whom he knows to be far away, but 

 with whom he feasted or fought in dreamland, came 

 to him. He sees another man fall into a swoon or 

 trance that may lay him seemingly lifeless for hours 

 or even days; he himself may be attacked by de- 

 ranging fevers and see visions stranger than those 

 which a healthy person sees ; shadows of himself and 

 of objects, both living and not living, follow or pre- 

 cede him and lengthen or shorten in the withdrawing 

 or advancing light; the still water throws back im- 

 ages of himself; the hillsides resound with mocking 

 echoes of his words and of sounds around him; and 

 it is these and allied phenomena which have given 

 rise to the notion of " another self," to use Mr. Spen- 

 cer's convenient term, or of a number of selves that 

 are sometimes outside the man and sometimes inside 

 him, as to which the barbaric mind is never sure. 

 Outside him, however, when the man is sleeping, 

 so that he must not be awakened, lest this " other 

 self " be hindered from returning; or when he is sick, 

 or in the toils of the medicine-man, who may hold 

 the " other self" in his power, as in the curious soul- 

 trap of the Polynesians — a series of cocoa-nut rings 

 — in which the sorcerer makes believe to catch and 

 detain the soul of an offender or sick person. When 

 Dr. Catat and his companions, MM. Maistre and 

 Foucart were exploring the " Bara " country on the 



