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stakes are used to a tree, the wire should be fastened 

 to them. The wires should be sunk a few inches under 

 the surface, and not to be less than 3 ft. high. The 

 greatest injury is done in winter, when a fall of snow 

 shuts off the rabbits' usual supply of food. Plantations 

 of dwarf Apples and Pears should have the hedges 

 wired round as well as the gates. 



Red Spider.— All Fruit Trees seem liable to this 

 pest, which makes itself evident by the foliage losing 

 its green colour, and in Peaches and Nectarines 

 assuming a greyish tinge. On Vines it can be cured 

 by placing sulphur on the hot water pipes, and 

 syringing the foliage freely with tepid water the next 

 day, if the fruit is not too advanced. Trees in the 

 open can be syringed with the compound named for 

 Aphides, of various strengths, washing with tepid clear 

 water afterwards. The spider attacks the underside 

 of the foliage, and it is therefore necessary to keep 

 the syringe low down, as unless the leaves are well 

 saturated the minute insects escape. In dry spring 

 weather, Gooseberries are often taken with it before 

 the foliage is developed. Timely attention will save 

 the crop, which would otherwise fall from want of 

 nourishment. For Field Crops — 4 lb. Liver of Sulphur, 

 4 lb. Soft Soap, to 100 gallons of water, is a good 

 wash. 



Root Pruning. — The lack of proper balance between 

 root and branch growth is the cause of strong barren 

 shoots, and this vegetative vigour must be checked by 

 lifting the tree in autumn or winter and cutting hard 

 back all gross roots. Encouragement to the fibrous 

 roots to keep on the surface is given by mulching of 

 manure, but no Standard trees should be root pruned. 



