THE COW IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 81 



while with bronchitis and some conditions as 

 pneumonia where the temperature is high, 

 the mucous membranes will be quite devoid 

 of secretions and are quite dry. 



The pulse of the cow is somewhat faster 

 than the horse, being normally 45 to 50 times 

 a minute. We have a fast and a slow pulse, a 

 full pulse, an imperceptible pulse, regular, ir- 

 regular, thready pulse, large pulse, small pulse 

 and intermittent. The pulse is best counted 

 and studied by pressing the fingers against 

 the submaxillary artery where it passes under 

 the lower jaw bone. It is necessary to press 

 the artery against the jaw bone in order to 

 determine the character of the pulse. Much 

 practice with the pulse of healthy cattle will 

 enable the operator to arrive at an accurate 

 conclusion of the characteristics of the pulse 

 in various diseased conditions. 



By applying the ear over the chest wall in 

 the region of the lungs soft whistling, rustling 

 sounds are heard. If the lungs are partly 

 filled with fluid due to pneumonia or if secre- 

 tions are abundant from any other causes, the 

 air will make a bubbling, crackling sound as 

 it passes through the liquid. The bronchial 

 sounds are much plainer and are more harsh 

 and rasping like, than the sounds emanating 

 from the lungs. Practice is the only means 

 we learn, to differentiate between these differ- 

 ent sounds. There is a peculiar sound that is 

 caused by the lungs and the lining of the 



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